Aspectos distintivos de los rasgos de psicopatía primaria y secundaria: Revisión actualizada

• Angélica Luján Martínez ^[1] ; Jeanette Aurora Álvarez López ^[1] ; Martha Luisa Pérez López ^[1] ; Feggy Ostrosky Shejet ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

     Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

     México

     
• Localización: EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación, ISSN 1579-0207, Vol. 20, Nº. 1, 2023 (Ejemplar dedicado a: "La violencia: Psicopatía, empatía y tratamientos" / coord. por Feggy Ostrosky Shejet), págs. 5-21
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Distinctive aspectsof primary and secondary psychopathy traits: An updated review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La psicopatía es un trastorno de personalidad caracterizado por 3 dimensiones principales: interpersonal, afectivo y de comportamiento. Sin embargo, se ha sugerido su aproximación desde dos variantes distintas pero relacionadas, la variante primaria y la secundaria. La psicopatía primaria se refiere a un déficit central afectivo que podría tener un origen genético. Por otra parte, la psicopatía secundaria está determinada por experiencias adversas y trauma; aunque ambas variantes comparten un déficit afectivo como característica principal, su diferencia clave es el nivel de ansiedad. Los psicópatas primarios muestran bajos niveles de ansiedad, por lo que tienen un alto nivel de dominio en el ámbito social, contrario a los psicópatas secundarios quienes son altamente ansiosos. Presentan consecuencias asociadas con el procesamiento emocional, los correlatos biológicos y los patrones de conducta. En etapas tempranas del desarrollo, se pueden identificar rasgos de insensibilidad y no emocionales como los precursores de una personalidad psicopática, siendo el maltrato infantil uno de los factores con mayor impacto para el desarrollo de éstos.

  • English

    Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by three main dimensions: interpersonal, affective, and behavioral. However, a different perspective has been suggested which consists of two different variants that are interrelated: primary and secondary variants. Primary psychopathy refers to a central affective deficit that might have a genetic origin. On the other hand, secondary psychopathy is determined by adverse circumstances and traumatic experiences; even thoughboth variantsshare a common affective deficit as a principal characteristic, the main difference is its anxiety level. Primary psychopaths display a low level of anxiety which makes them have a high level of dominance in the social realm; contrary to secondary psychopaths who display a high level of anxiety with outcomes related to the emotional processing, biological correlates, and the behavioral patterns. During early developmental stages, callous-unemotional traits can be identified, as well asnon-emotional traits as precursors of a psychopathic personality, and childhood maltreatment being one of the factors that plays a major role in the development of these traits

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