Resumen de Criterion and construct validity of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) to measure depression in patients with cancer: the contribution of somatic items

Sílvia Almeida, Marta Camacho, J. Bernardo Barahona Corrêa, José Oliveira, Raquel Lemos Pérez, Daniel Rodrigues da Silva, Joaquim Alves da Silva, Telmo Mourinho Baptista, Jaime Grácio, Albino J. Oliveira Maia

• Background/Objective Screening for depression in patients with cancer can be difficult due to overlap between symptoms of depression and cancer. We assessed validity of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in this population.

  Method Data was obtained in an outpatient neuropsychiatry unit treating patients with and without cancer. Psychometric properties of the BDI-II Portuguese version were assessed separately in 202 patients with cancer, and 376 outpatients with mental health complaints but without cancer.

  Results Confirmatory factor analysis suggested a three-factor structure model (cognitive, affective and somatic) provided best fit to data in both samples. Criterion validity was good for detecting depression in oncological patients, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.91). A cut-off score of 14 had sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 73%. Excluding somatic items did not significantly change the ROC curve for BDI-II (difference AUCs = 0.002, p=0.9). A good criterion validity for BDI-II was also obtained in the non-oncological population (AUC = 0.87; 95% CI 0.81–0.91), with a cut-off of 18 (sensitivity=84%; specificity=73%).

  Conclusions The BDI-II demonstrated good psychometric properties in patients with cancer, comparable to a population without cancer. Exclusion of somatic items did not affect screening accuracy.