Síndrome de dolor miofascial en la musculatura del suelo pélvico femenino.: Revisión narrativa de la literatura

• D. A. Mendez Vega ^[1] ; L. Arce Gálvez ^[2] ; M. A. Tovar Sánchez ^[2]
  1. [1] Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia. Universidad Libre. Cali, Colombia
  2. [2] Departamento de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación. Hospital Universitario del Valle E.S.E. Cali, Colombia
• Localización: Revista de la Sociedad Española del Dolor (SED), ISSN 1134-8046, Vol. 29, Nº. 1 2, 2022, págs. 88-96
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3970/2022
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Myofascial pain syndrome in the female pelvic floor musculature.: Narrative review of the literature
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: El síndrome de dolor miofascial del suelo pélvico en la mujer es una causa frecuente de dolor agudo y crónico, en ocasiones superpuesto a otras entidades patológicas. Es secundario a la sobrecarga mecánica muscular que favorece la aparición de puntos gatillo.

    Objetivo: Describir una entidad dolorosa frecuente, su fisiopatología y posibilidades de tratamiento.

    Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura con términos Mesh en inglés y español en las bases de datos Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs, Sage, Google Acedemics y Scielo desde el año 1983 hasta el año 2021. Se encontraron 240 artículos y fueron seleccionados 50, basados en su impacto clínico.

    Resultados: El dolor pélvico afecta a más del 50 % de las mujeres mayores de 35 años. Existen diferentes condiciones clínicas que favorecen la sobrecarga mecánica muscular y la formación de puntos miofasciales dolorosos. El diagnóstico es clínico, pero se pueden solicitar estudios imagenológicos. El tratamiento incluye varias modalidades: terapia física, psicoterapia, farmacoterapia e intervencionismo con aguja seca, estimulación eléctrica y toxina botulínica.

    Conclusión: El síndrome miofascial en la musculatura pélvica femenina es una condición prevalente que debe ser considerada dentro del diagnóstico de dolor pélvico y abordada de manera multidisciplinaria.

  • English

    Introduction: Pelvic floor myofascial pain syndrome in women is a frequent cause of acute and chronic pain, sometimes superimposed on other pathological entities. It is secondary to mechanical muscle overload that favors the appearance of trigger points.

    Objective: To describe a frequent painful entity, its pathophysiology, and treatment possibilities.

    Methodology: A literature review was carried out with Mesh terms in English and Spanish in the databases Embase, Pubmed, Lilacs, Sage, Google Academics, Scielo from 1983 to 2021. 240 articles were found and 50 were selected based on their clinical impact.

    Results: Pelvic pain affects more than 50 % of women over 35 years of age. There are different clinical conditions that favor mechanical muscle overload and the formation of painful myofascial points. Diagnosis is clinical, but imaging studies may be requested. Treatment includes several modalities: physical therapy, psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and dry needling, electrical stimulation, and botulinum toxin.

    Conclusion: Myofascial syndrome in the female pelvic musculature is a prevalent condition that should be considered within the diagnosis of pelvic pain and approached in a multidisciplinary manner.

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