Acceso usuarios
Laura París
Las condiciones laborales en el área asistencial se caracterizan por estresores que colocan a médicos y enfermeros en una situación de riesgo permanente. Circunstancias que les generan insatisfacción, frustraciones y desajustes cada vez mayores con su entorno laboral y que repercuten en la satisfaccion personal. El presente estudio persiguió un doble propósito: a) identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés (coping) más comunmente empleadas por los profesionales de la salud, y b) explorar las vinculaciones entre el estrés asistencial con el grado de satisfacción personal-laboral. Con tal finalidad se implementó una investigación empírica plurietápica. En la primera aproximación se llevaron a cabo 22 entrevistas con médicos y enfermeros, lo que permitió el desarrollo de dos instrumentos con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas: la escala de estresores asistenciales y la de afrontamiento del estrés asistencial. Tales instrumentos fueron aplicados en la segunda aproximación, juntamente con una escala de satisfacción laboral-personal, a una muestra por disponibilidad integrada por 196 profesionales argentinos (99 enfermeros y 97 médicos). Análisis descriptivos permitieron detectar las principales estrategias de afrontamiento, en tanto que análisis correlacionales mostraron el interjuego entre la totalidad de las variables exploradas. Se analizan los resultados obtenidos a la luz de los lineamientos básicos de la teoría transaccional del estrés. Se explicitan las fortalezas y debilidades del estudio y se sugieren cursos de acción para la prevención del estrés entre los profesionales de la salud.AbstractWork conditions in health care service are characterized by stressors that place physicians and nurses in situations of permanent risk. Such circumstances that produce mounting displeasure, frustration and disorder in work environment have repercussions in personal satisfaction. The present research had a twofold objective: a) identify stress coping strategies commonly employed by health care professionals; and b) explore entailments between health care stressors and degrees of job-personal satisfaction. With this purpose, a multistage empirical investigation was carried out. In the first approach, 22 interviews with physicians and nurses were held, which enabled the development of two instruments with appropriate psychometric properties: health care stressor and health care stress coping scales. Such instruments, together with a job-personal satisfaction scale, were employed in the second approach on a sample of Argentinean professionals (97 physicians and 99 nurses). While descriptive analysis enabled to identify the main coping strategies, correlational analysis showed the interplay among the variables explored. Results obtained were analysed in the light of the basic alignments of the transactional theory of stress. Study's strengths and weaknesses are developed and courses of action for stress prevention among health care professionals are suggested.
Work conditions in health care service are characterized by stressors that place physicians and nurses in situations of permanent risk. Such circumstances that produce mounting displeasure, frustration and disorder in work environment have repercussions in personal satisfaction. The present research had a twofold objective: a) identify stress coping strategies commonly employed by health care professionals; and b) explore entailments between health care stressors and degrees of job-personal satisfaction. With this purpose, a multistage empirical investigation was carried out. In the first approach, 22 interviews with physicians and nurses were held, which enabled the development of two instruments with appropriate psychometric properties: health care stressor and health care stress coping scales. Such instruments, together with a job-personal satisfaction scale, were employed in the second approach on a sample of Argentinean professionals (97 physicians and 99 nurses). While descriptive analysis enabled to identify the main coping strategies, correlational analysis showed the interplay among the variables explored. Results obtained were analysed in the light of the basic alignments of the transactional theory of stress. Study's strengths and weaknesses are developed and courses of action for stress prevention among health care professionals are suggested.
