Diferencias individuales en tareas de interferencia episódica y semántica

• Autores: Pedro Macizo Soria, María Felipa Soriano, María Teresa Bajo Molina
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 16, Nº. 2, 2004, págs. 187-193
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 5 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La amplitud de Memoria de Trabajo (MT) se ha relacionado con el control de la atención en situaciones de interferencia. Sin embargo, existe discusión sobre la naturaleza unitaria o múltiple de la inhibición. En este estudio exploramos la relación entre la amplitud de MT y la inhibición en la memoria semántica y episódica. En el Experimento 1, participantes de alta y baja amplitud juzgaron la relación entre palabras mientras suprimían dibujos relacionados semánticamente (inhibición semántica). En el Experimento 2 exploramos la inhibición episódica mediante una tarea de interferencia proactiva. Los participantes de baja amplitud fueron susceptibles a la interferencia tanto semántica como episódica, mientras que las personas de alta amplitud resistieron a la interferencia en ambas tareas. Nuestros datos apoyan la relación entre la amplitud de MT y la susceptibilidad a la interferencia a través de mecanismos de supresión en memoria semántica y episódica.

  • English

    Individual differences in episodic and semantic interference tasks. Working Memory (WM) span has been related to the capacity of controlled attention in the face of interfering events. However, there are discussions about the nature (unitary or multiple) of inhibition. In this paper we explored the relation between WM span and inhibition in the semantic and episodic memory systems. In Experiment 1, high and low span participants judged the semantic relation of word pairs in the presence of irrelevant semantically related pictures (semantic inhibition). In Experiment 2, we explored the nature of episodic inhibition in a proactive interference task. Results indicated that low span participants were more susceptible to the presence of interfering events than high span individuals in both semantic and episodic tasks. This pattern of data provides support to the relation between WM span and susceptibility to interference and to the existence of suppression mechanisms in episodic and semantic memory.

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