Efecto del esencialismo psicológico sobre las teorías ingenuas de las diferencias grupales

• Autores: Eleonore Seron, Vincent Yzerbyt, Claudia Estrada Goic
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 16, Nº. 2, 2004, págs. 181-186
• Idioma: español
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• Dialnet Métricas: 12 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El presente trabajo investiga el efecto del esencialismo sobre las teorías ingenuas sobre las diferencias grupales. El esencialismo es la creencia en la existencia de una esencia subyacente, característica de una determinada categoría social (Medin, 1989). Belgas (N= 105) y chilenos (N= 133) respondieron a nuestro cuestionario de esencialismo y a la adaptación del de Diferencias Grupales de Martin y Parker (1995). En el estudio 1, el esencialismo moduló el uso de los factores explicativos, y en particular del factor biológico para explicar las diferencias intergrupales. El estudio 2 replica y extiende estos resultados. Los participantes esentialistas utilizaron más los factores explicativos y en particular el biológico para explicar las diferencias intergrupales, pero no para dar cuenta de las diferencias intragrupales. Estos resultados apoyan nuestra visión del fenómeno del esencialismo y su propensión a estabilizar las relaciones intergrupales.

  • English

    The effect of subjective essentialism on lay theories of groups differences: This research examines the impact of essentialism on people¿s lay theories regarding group differences. Essentialism is the belief that an underlying essence lies at the heart of every social category (Medin, 1989). Belgians (N= 105) and Chileans (N= 223) completed a questionnaire comprising an adapted version of Martin and Parker¿s Explanations for Group Differences Scale (1995) and our Essentialism Scale. In Study 1, the more people believed in essentialism, the more they used explanatory factors in general and biological factors in particular to account for intergroup differences. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings. In particular, people scoring higher on the essentialism scale used more explanatory factors, and noticeably biological ones, when addressing intergroup but not intragroup differences. These results are compatible with a view of subjective essentialism as a propensity to freeze existing intergroup relations

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