Mindfulness and balanced time perspective: predictive model of psychological well-being and gender differences in college students

• Andrea Fuentes ^[1] ; Cristián Oyanadel ^[1] ; Philip Zimbardo ^[2] ; Melissa González Loyola ^[1] ; Lening A. Olivera Figueroa ^[3] ; Wenceslao Peñate ^[4]
  1. [1] Universidad de Concepción

     Universidad de Concepción

     Comuna de Concepción, Chile

     
  2. [2] Stanford University

     Stanford University

     Estados Unidos

     
  3. [3] Yale University

     Yale University

     Town of New Haven, Estados Unidos

     
  4. [4] Universidad de La Laguna

     Universidad de La Laguna

     San Cristóbal de La Laguna, España

     

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, ISSN 2174-8144, ISSN-e 2254-9625, Vol. 12, Nº. 3, 2022, págs. 306-318
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe12030022
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen

  • Background: The aims of the study were to establish an adjustment model to analyze the relationship among mindfulness, balanced time perspective (BTP) and psychological well-being (PWB) in college students and to explore gender differences among the variables. Method: The sample consisted of 380 college students, 220 women and 160 men, uniformly distributed according to the university’s faculties. Results: The results indicate that the synergy between mindfulness and BTP predicts the variance of PWB by 55%. Regarding gender differences, it was found that women have a greater tendency towards Past Positive than men and men a higher tendency towards Present Hedonistic than women. In addition, in the group of women, a stronger relationship was found among the variables and, consequently, a greater predictive value for PWB (58%), displaying an enhanced disposition to high PWB compared to men. Conclusions: Together, mindfulness and BTP promote optimal psychological functioning and alleviate or reduce discomfort. Thus, their promotion and training in universities is especially important given the high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Antúnez, Z.; Vinet, E.V. Problemas de salud mental en estudiantes de una universidad regional chilena. Rev. Médica De Chile 2013, 141, 209–216.
  • Baader, T.; Rojas, C.; Molina, J.; Gotelli, V.; Alamo, C.; Fierro, C.; Venezian, S.; Dittus, P. Diagnóstico de la prevalencia de trastornos de...
  • Baer, R.A.; Lykins, E.L.; Peters, J. Mindfulness and self-compassion as predictors of psychological wellbeing in long-term meditators and...
  • Baer, R.A.; Smith, G.T.; Hopkins, J.; Krietemeyer, J.; Toney, L. Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness. Assessment...
  • Boniwell, I.; Osin, E.; Linley, P.A.; Ivanchenko, G.V. A question of balance: Time perspective and well-being in British and Russian samples....
  • Boniwell, I.; Zimbardo, P. Balancing one’s time perspective in pursuit of optimal functioning. In Positive Psychology in Practice; Linley,...
  • Brown, K.W.; Ryan, R.M. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 2003,...
  • Brown, K.W.; Ryan, R.M.; Creswell, J.D. Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects. Psychol. Inq. 2007, 18,...
  • Chiodelli, R.; Mello, L.T.N.; Jesus, S.N.; Andretta, I. Effects of a brief mindfulness-based intervention on emotional regulation and levels...
  • Chraif, M.; Dumitru, D. Gender Differences on Wellbeing and Quality of Life at Young Students at Psychology. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 2015,...
  • Cova, F.; Alvial, W.; Aro, M.; Bonifetti, A.; Hernández, M.; Rodríguez, C. Problemas de Salud Mental en Estudiantes de la Universidad de Concepción....
  • D’Alessio, M.; Guarino, A.; De Pascalis, V.; Zimbardo, P.G. Testing Zimbardo’s Stanford Time Perspective Inventory (STPI)—Short Form. Time...
  • De Vibe, M.; Solhaug, I.; Tyssen, R.; Friborg, O.; Rosenvinge, J.H.; Sørlie, T.; Bjørndal, A. Mindfulness training for stress management:...
  • Díaz, D.; Rodríguez-Carvajal, R.; Blanco, A.; Moreno-Jiménez, B.; Gallardo, I.; Valle, C.; Dierendonck, D. Adaptación española de las escalas...
  • Drake, L.; Duncan, E.; Sutherland, F.; Abernethy, C.; Henry, C. Time Perspective and Correlates of Wellbeing. Time Soc. 2008, 17, 47–61.
  • Dvoˇráková, K.; Kishida, M.; Li, J.; Elavsky, S.; Broderick, P.C.; Agrusti, M.R.; Greenberg, M.T. Promoting healthy transition to college...
  • Ely, R.; Mercurio, A. Time perspective and autobiographical memory: Individual and gender differences in experiencing time and remembering...
  • Fumero, A.; Peñate, W.; Oyanadel, C.; Porter, B. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Anxiety Disorders. A Systematic Meta-Review....
  • Garcia, D.; Sailer, U.; Al Nima, A.; Archer, T. Questions of time and affect: A person’s affectivity profile, time perspective, and well-being....
  • Greene, B.A.; Debacker, T.K. Gender and Orientations Toward the Future: Links to Motivation. Educ. Psychol. Rev. 2004, 16, 91–120.
  • Griffin, E.; Wildbur, D. The role of balanced time perspective on student well-being and mental health: A mixed-methods study. Ment. Health...
  • Hanley, A.; Warner, A.; Garland, E.L. Associations Between Mindfulness, Psychological Well-Being, and Subjective Well-Being with Respect to...
  • Hanley, A.W.; Garland, E.L. Clarity of mind: Structural equation modeling of associations between dispositional mindfulness, self-concept...
  • Jofré, I.; Oyanadel, C.; Peñate-Castro, W. Versión breve del Inventario de Perspectiva Temporal de Zimbardo para población Chilena: Una comparación...
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. Mindfulness. Mindfulness 2015, 6, 1481–1483.
  • Kabat-Zinn, J. Vivir con plenitud las crisis. In Cómo Utilizar la Sabiduría del Cuerpo y de la Mente Para Afrontar el Estrés, el Dolor y la Enfermedad;...
  • Katz, D.; Toner, B.B. A Systematic Review of Gender Differences in the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Treatments for Substance Use Disorders....
  • Kazakina, E. Time perspective of older adults: Research and clinical practice. In International Studies in Time Perspective; Paixão, M., da...
  • Keng, S.-L.; Smoski, M.J.; Robins, C.J. Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clin. Psychol. Rev....
  • Klainin-Yobas, P.; Ramirez, D.; Fernandez, Z.; Sarmiento, J.; Thanoi, W.; Ignacio, J.; Lau, Y. Examining the predicting effect of mindfulness...
  • Li, R.; Kao, C.; Wu, Y. Gender differences in psychological well-being: Tests of factorial invariance. Qual. Life Res. 2015, 24, 2577–2581.
  • Lipson, S.K.; Lattie, E.G.; Eisenberg, D. Increased Rates of Mental Health Service Utilization by U.S. College Students: 10-Year Population-Level...
  • MacDonald, H.Z.; Baxter, E.E. Mediators of the Relationship Between Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Well-Being in Female College...
  • Marais, G.; Lantheaume, S.; Fiault, R.; Shankland, R. Mindfulness-Based Programs Improve Psychological Flexibility, Mental Health, Well-Being,...
  • Marks, A.D.; Sobanski, D.J.; Hine, D.W. Do Dispositional Rumination and/or Mindfulness Moderate the Relationship Between Life Hassles and...
  • McKay, T.; Walker, B.R. Mindfulness, self-compassion and wellbeing. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2021, 168, 110412.
  • Mello, Z.R.; Worrell, F.C. The Relationship of Time Perspective to Age, Gender, and Academic Achievement among Academically Talented Adolescents....
  • Mettler, J.; Carsley, D.; Joly, M.; Heath, N.L. Dispositional Mindfulness and Adjustment to University. J. Coll. Stud. Retent. Res. Theory...
  • Mostowik, J.; Rutkowski, K.; Ostrowski, T.; Mielim ˛aka, M. Time Perspective among Patients Diagnosed with Neurotic and Personality Disorders—An...
  • Muro, A.; Feliu-Soler, A.; Castellà, J.; Deví, J.; Soler, J. Does Time Perspective Predict Life Satisfaction? A Study Including Mindfulness...
  • Olivera-Figueroa, L.; Asthana, S.; Odisho, N.; Ortiz Velez, A.; Cuebas, K.; Lopez, N. Emerging cross-cultural research: The role of time perspective...
  • Olivera-Figueroa, L.A.; Juster, R.-P.; Morin-Major, J.K.; Marin, M.-F.; Lupien, S.J. A time to be stressed? Time perspectives and cortisol...
  • Oyanadel, C.; Buela-Casal, G. La percepción del tiempo: Influencias en la salud física y mental. Univ. Psychol. 2011, 10, 149–161.
  • Oyanadel, C.; Buela-Casal, G. Percepción del tiempo y salud: La influencia del perfil temporal equilibrado (BTP) y el perfil temporal negativo...
  • Oyanadel, C.; Buela-Casal, G.; Araya, T.; Olivares, C.; Vega, H. Percepción del tiempo: Resultados de una intervención grupal breve para el...
  • Oyanadel, C.; Buela-Casal, G.; Pérez-Fortis, A. Propiedades psicométricas del Inventario de Orientación Temporal de Zimbardo en una muestra...
  • Oyanadel, C.; Carrasco-Correa, H.; Latorre-Nanjarí, J.; Peñate-Castro, W.; Sepúlveda-Queipul, C. Reduciendo la ideación suicida en adolescentes...
  • Ramler, T.R.; Tennison, L.R.; Lynch, J.; Murphy, P. Mindfulness and the College Transition: The Efficacy of an Adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress...
  • Räsänen, P.; Muotka, J.; Lappalainen, R. Examining mediators of change in wellbeing, stress, and depression in a blended, Internet-based,...
  • Rönnlund, M.; Koudriavtseva, A.; Germundsjö, L.; Eriksson, T.; Åström, E.; Carelli, M.G. Mindfulness Promotes a More Balanced Time Perspective:...
  • Ryan, R.M.; Deci, E.L. On Happiness and Human Potentials: A Review of Research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-Being. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2001,...
  • Ryff, C.D. Beyond Ponce de Leon and Life Satisfaction: New Directions in Quest of Successful Ageing. Int. J. Behav. Dev. 1989, 12, 35–55.
  • Ryff, C.D. Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1989, 57, 1069–1081....
  • Ryff, C.D.; Keyes, C.L.M. The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1995, 69, 719–727.
  • Ryff, C.D.; Singer, B.H. Know Thyself and Become What You Are: A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-Being. J. Happiness Stud. 2008,...
  • Salari, N.; Hosseinian-Far, A.; Jalali, R.; Vaisi-Raygani, A.; Rasoulpoor, S.; Mohammadi, M.; Rasoulpoor, S.; Khaledi-Paveh, B. Prevalence...
  • Schmidt, C.; Vinet, E.V. Atención plena: Validación del Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) en estudiantes universitarios chilenos....
  • Seema, R.; Sircova, A. Mindfulness—A Time Perspective? Estonian Study. Balt. J. Psychol. 2013, 14, 4–21.
  • Shapiro, S.L.; Oman, D.; Thoresen, C.E.; Plante, T.; Flinders, T. Cultivating mindfulness: Effects on well-being. J. Clin. Psychol. 2008,...
  • Stolarski, M.; Bitner, J.; Zimbardo, P.G. Time perspective, emotional intelligence and discounting of delayed awards. Time Soc. 2011, 20,...
  • Stolarski, M.; Vowinckel, J.; Jankowski, K.S.; Zajenkowski, M. Mind the balance, be contented: Balanced time perspective mediates the relationship...
  • Stolarski, M.; Zajenkowski, M.; Jankowski, K.S.; Szymaniak, K. Deviation from the balanced time perspective: A systematic review of empirical...
  • Zambianchi, M. The relevance of time perspective for the eudaimonic well-being in the emerging adulthood. In Well-Being in Education Systems;...
  • Zimbardo, P.; Boyd, J. Putting time in perspective. A valid, reliable individual-differences. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 1999, 23, 1007–1023....
  • Zimbardo, P.; Boyd, J. The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time that will Change Your Life; Simon and Schuster: New York, NY, USA, 2008.
  • Zimbardo, P.G.; Keough, K.A.; Boyd, J.N. Present time perspective as a predictor of risky driving. Pers. Individ. Differ. 1997, 23, 1007–1023....