Modelo esfuerzo-recompensa, salud y enfermedad en personal sanitario: una revisión sistemática

• Marta García-Maroto ^[1] ; Lourdes Luceño-Moreno ^[1] ; Jesús Martín-García ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Ansiedad y estrés, ISSN 1134-7937, Vol. 28, Nº 1 (Enero - Abril 2022), 2022, págs. 16-29
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5093/anyes2022a2
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Effort-Reward Model and health and disease in healthcare workers:: a systematic reviews
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La bibliografía científica ha evidenciado asociaciones entre la percepción de un alto desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa (Effort-Reward Imbalance, ERI) y mala salud o enfermedad en sanitarios. En este trabajo se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios que analizaron cómo influyen los riesgos psicosociales del entorno laboral, conceptualizados desde el modelo del desequilibrio esfuerzo-recompensa, en diferentes dimensiones de salud o enfermedad en personal sanitario. Para ello, se revisaron artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2019 consultando las bases de datos Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO y Scopus. Se incluyeron 27 artículos científicos. Un alto ERI y un exceso de compromiso (sobrecompromiso) se asocian con mala salud o enfermedad en personal sanitario. Las principales limitaciones de esta revisión son un posible sesgo de publicación y la imposibilidad de establecer relaciones de causalidad entre los riesgos psicosociales del entorno y la salud o enfermedad. Es necesario evaluar los riesgos psicosociales del entorno laboral de los sanitarios y desarrollar y aplicar programas de intervención para que haya un ajuste adecuado entre esfuerzos y recompensas.

  • English

    Scientific literature has shown relation between the perception of a high Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) and poor health or disease in healthcare workers. The aim of the study was to carry out a systematic review of how psychosocial risks in the work environment, conceptualized from the effort-reward imbalance model, influence different dimensions of health or illness in health care professionals. Articles that were published between 2010 and 2019 were reviewed by consulting Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO and Scopus databases.

    27 scientific articles were included. High ERI and over-commitment are associated with poor health or disease in different dimensions.The main limitations of this review are a possible publication bias and the impossibility of establishing causal relationships between environmental psychosocial risks and health or illness. It is necessary to address the psychosocial risks of the health care work environment and to implement improvement programs to achieve a good balance between efforts and rewards.

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