Un modelo multidimensional de la violencia escolar en México: factores familiares y psicológicos

• Autores: Arturo Enrique Orozco Vargas, Georgina I. García López, Arturo Venebra Muñoz, Ulises Aguilera Reyes
• Localización: Psicología conductual = behavioral psychology: Revista internacional de psicología clínica y de la salud, ISSN 1132-9483, Vol. 29, Nº. 3, 2021, págs. 647-666
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.51668/bp.8321308s
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre las disfunciones familiares, la violencia escolar y algunos trastornos psicológicos, particularmente la depresión, la ansiedad y el estrés. Participaron 388 adolescentes mexicanos de entre 14 y 19 años de edad. Con la finalidad de examinar los efectos que tienen los factores familiares en la violencia escolar, así como las consecuencias de esta violencia en la salud mental de los adolescentes, se construyó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Debido a que el modelo original no se ajustó de forma adecuada a los datos, se reespecificó mostrando de esta manera un ajuste global adecuado con los datos. Los resultados indican que los problemas en la comunicación y la falta de apoyo por parte de los padres fueron los dos predictores más significativos en la violencia escolar y la experiencia de victimización. Además, la depresión, el estrés y la ansiedad presentaron, de mayor a menor magnitud, una relación positiva con la variable latente de trastornos psicológicos

  • English

    The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between family dysfunctions, bullying, and some psychological disorders, particularly depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 388 Mexican adolescents between 14 and 19 years of age participated in this study. In order to examine the effects that family factors have on bullying, as well as the consequences of this violence on the mental health of adolescents, a structural equation model was constructed. Since the original model did not fit the data adequately, it was re-specified. Consequently, this new model shows an adequate global fit with the data. Results indicate that communication problems and lack of parental support were the two most significant predictors of bullying and the experience of victimization. In addition, depression, stress, and anxiety presented, from greater to lesser magnitude, a positive relation with the latent variable of psychological disorders

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Acquah, E. O., Topalli, P. Z., Wilson, M. L., Junttila, N. y Niemi, P. M. (2016). Adolescent loneliness and social anxiety as predictors of...
  • Baiden, P., Stewart, S. L. y Fallon, B. (2017). The mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between bullying victimization...
  • Baldry, A. C. (2003). Bullying in schools and exposure to domestic violence. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(7), 713-732.
  • Baldry, A. C. y Farrington, D. P. (2000). Bullies and delinquents: personal characteristics and parental styles. Journal of Community and...
  • Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Oxford: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication,...
  • Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Barnes, H. L. y Olson, D. H. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication and the circumplex model. Child Development, 56, 438-447. doi: 10.2307/1129732
  • Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K. y Patton, G. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers....
  • Brighi, A., Menin, D., Skrzypiec, G. y Guarini, A. (2019). Young, bullying, and connected. Common pathways to cyberbullying and problematic...
  • Brock, S. E., Nickerson, A. B., O’Malley, M. D. y Chang, Y. (2006). Understanding children victimized by their peers. Journal of School Violence,...
  • Bru, E., Murberg, T. A. y Stephens, P. (2001). Social support, negative life events and pupil misbehavior among young Norwegian adolescents....
  • Caballo V. E., Calderero M., Arias B., Salazar I. C. e Irurtia M. J. (2012). Desarrollo y validación de una nueva medida de autoinforme para...
  • Cabruja Ubach, T. (2004). Violencia doméstica: sexo y género en las teorías psicosociales sobre la violencia. Hacia otras propuestas de comprensión...
  • Camodeca, M. y Nava, E. (2020). The long-term effects of bullying, victimization, and bystander behavior on emotion regulation and its physiological...
  • Card, N., Stucky, B., Sawalani, G. M. y Little, T. D. (2008). Direct and indirect aggression during childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic...
  • Cardoso, J. B., Szlyk, H. S., Goldbach, J., Swank, P. y Zvolensky, M. J. (2018). General and ethnic-biased bullying among Latino students:...
  • Cerezo, F., Ruiz-Esteban, C., Lacasa, C. S. y Gonzalo, J. J. A. (2018). Dimensions of parenting styles, social climate, and bullying victims...
  • Chen, G., Kong, Y., Deater-Deckard, K. y Zhang, W. (2018). Bullying victimization heightens cortisol response to psychosocial stress in Chinese...
  • Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. y Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 24, 385-396....
  • Conners-Burrow, N. A., Johnson, D. L., Whiteside-Mansell, L., McKelvey, L. y Gargus, R. A. (2009). Adults matter: protecting children from...
  • Chrysanthou, G. M. y Vasilakis, C. (2020). Protecting the mental health of future adults: disentangling the determinants of adolescent bullying...
  • De Vries, E. E., Verlinden, M., Rijlaarsdam, J., Jaddoe, V. W., Verhulst, F. C., Arseneault, L. y Tiemeier, H. (2018). Like father, like child:...
  • Domínguez, A., Salas, I., Contreras, C. y Procidano, M. (2011). Validez concurrente de la versión mexicana de las Escalas de apoyo social...
  • Dominguez, S., Villegas, G., Sotelo, N. y Sotelo, L. (2012). Revisión psicométrica del Inventario de ansiedad estado-rasgo (IDARE) en una...
  • Espelage, D. L., Bosworth, K. y Simon, T. R. (2000). Examining the social context of bullying behaviors in early adolescence. Journal of Counseling...
  • Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I., Fredriks, A. M., Vogels, T. y Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2006). Do bullied children get ill, or do ill children...
  • Fekkes, M., Pijpers, F. I. y Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P. (2004). Bullying behavior and associations with psychosomatic complaints and depression...
  • Fisher, H. L., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., Wertz, J., Gray, R., Newbury, J., Ambler, A., Zavos, H., Danese, A., Mill, J., Odgers, C. L., Pariante,...
  • Flanagan, K. S., Erath, S. A. y Bierman, K. L. (2008). Unique associations between peer relations and social anxiety in early childhood. Journal...
  • Flouri, E. y Buchanan, A. (2003). The role of mother involvement and father involvementin adolescent bullying behavior. Journal of Interpersonal...
  • Foshee, V. A., McNaughton Reyes, H. L., Chen, M. S., Ennett, S. T., Basile, K. C., DeGue, S., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Moracco, K. E. y Bowling,...
  • Fredland, N. M., McFarlane, J., Maddoux, J. y Binder, B. (2018). Youth exposed to parental intimate partner violence and bullying at school....
  • Gaoni, L., Black, Q. C. y Baldwin, S. (1998). Defining adolescent behavior disorder: an overview. Journal of Adolescence, 21, 1-13.
  • Garaigordobil, M. y Machimbarrena, J. M. (2019). Victimization and perpetration of bullying/cyberbullying: connections with emotional and...
  • Garcés-Prettel, M., Santoya-Montes, Y. y Jiménez-Osorio, J. (2020). Influencia de la comunicación familiar y pedagógica en la violencia escolar....
  • Gladstone, G. L., Parker, G. B. y Malhi, G. S. (2006). Do bullied children become anxious and depressed adults? A cross-sectional investigation...
  • Glew, G. M., Fan, M., Katon, W., Rivara, F. P. y Kernic, M. A. (2005). Bullying, psychosocial adjustment, and academic performance in elementary...
  • González-Forteza, C., Jiménez-Tapia, J., Ramos-Lira, L. y Wagner, F. A. (2008). Aplicación de la Escala de Depresión del Center of Epidemiological...
  • Guo, L., Hong, L., Gao, X., Zhou, J., Lu, C. y Zhang, W. H. (2016). Associations between depression risk, bullying and current smoking among...
  • Haavisto, A., Sourander, A., Multimaki, P., Parkkola, K., Santalahti, P., Helenius, H., Nikolakaros, G., Kumpulainen, K., Moilanen, I., Piha,...
  • Hamid, A. Y. S. y Daulima, N. H. (2019). Family's support for adolescent victims of bullying. Enfermería Clínica, 29, 747-751.
  • Higuita-Gutiérrez, L. F. y Cardona-Arias, J. A. (2017). Variables of the family, school, and social environment context that determine bullying...
  • Ingoldsby, E., Shaw, D. S., Winslow, E., Schonberg, M., Gilliom, M. y Criss, M. (2006). Neighborhood disadvantage, parent-child conflict,...
  • Jiang, S., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Jiang, R., Fu, X. y Hong, W. (2020). Why the victims of bullying are more likely to avoid involvement when...
  • Jiménez, M. M. (2020). Actitudes de las mujeres madres ante la violencia doméstica. Revista Boliviana de Educación, 2(2), 42-59.
  • Kaltiala-Heino, R., Frojd, S. y Marttunen, M. (2010). Involvement in bullying and depression in a 2-year follow-up in middle adolescence....
  • Kim, Y. S., Koh, Y. J. y Leventhal, B. (2005). School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. Pediatrics 115, 357-363....
  • Kochenderfer-Ladd, B. (2003). Identification of aggressive and asocial victims and the stability of their peer victimization. Merrill-Palmer...
  • Lazarus, R. S. y Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal and coping. Nueva York, NY: Springer.
  • Leemis, R. W., Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., Mercer Kollar, L. M. y Davis, J. P. (2019). Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment:...
  • Lereya, S. T., Samara, M. y Wolke, D. (2013). Parenting behavior and the risk of becoming a victim and a bully/victim: a meta-analysis study....
  • Lin, M., Wolke, D., Schneider, S. y Margraf, J. (2020). Bullies get away with it, but not everywhere: mental health sequelae of bullying in...
  • Lozano, A. M. y Mayberg, H. S. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,026,218. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
  • Martínez, I., Murgui, S., García, O. F. y García, F. (2019). Parenting in the digital era: protective and risk parenting styles for traditional...
  • Moore, S. E., Norman, R. E., Suetani, S., Thomas, H. J., Sly, P. D. y Scott, J. G. (2017). Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood...
  • Moos, R., Moos, B. y Trickett, E. (1984). FES, WES, CIES, CES. Escalas de clima social. Madrid: TEA.
  • Ochoa, G. M., Lopez, E. E. y Emler, N. P. (2008). Adjustment problems in the family and school contexts, attitudes towards authority, and...
  • Okayasu, T. y Takano, I. (2000). Psychological stress of victims and bullies in junior high school. Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology,...
  • Oliveira, W. A. D., Silva, J. L., Fernandez, J. E. R., Santos, M. A. D., Caravita, S. C. S. y Silva, M. A. I. (2020). Family interactions...
  • Orozco, A. E. y Mercado, M. R. (2019). Impacto multifacético del ambiente familiar en situaciones de violencia escolar en hombres y mujeres....
  • Paul, J. y Cillessen, T. (2003). Dynamics of peer victimization in early adolescence: results from a four-year longitudinal study. Journal...
  • Peskin, M. F., Tortolero, S. R., Markham, C. M., Addy, R. C. y Baumler, E. R. (2007). Bullying and victimization and internalizing symptoms...
  • Procidano, M. E. y Heller, K. (1983). Measures of perceived social support from friends and from family: three validation studies. American...
  • Quiñonez Tapia, F., Pérez Avalos, M. Y., Martínez Casillas, M. E. y Cordero Carillo, C. (2017). La ansiedad en adolescentes de bachillerato...
  • Radloff, L.S. (1977). The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement,...
  • Ramírez, M. T. G. y Hernández, R. L. (2007). Factor structure of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) in a sample from Mexico. The Spanish journal...
  • Rapee, R. M. y Heimberg, R. G. (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(8), 741-756....
  • Remor, E. (2006). Psychometric properties of a European Spanish version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The Spanish Journal of Psychology,...
  • Rigby, K., Slee, P. T. y Martin, G. (2007). Implications of inadequate parental bonding and peer victimization for adolescent mental health....
  • Roth, D. A., Coles, M. E. y Heimberg, R. G. (2002). The relationship between memories for childhood teasing and anxiety and depression in...
  • Ruiz, A. P., Oteiza-Nascimento, A., Toldos, M. P., Serrano-Marugán, I. y Martín-Babarro, J. (2019). Bullying and depression: the moderating...
  • Sharp, S. (1995). How much does bullying hurt? The effects of bullying on the personal wellbeing and educational progress of secondary aged...
  • Sigurdson, J. F., Undheim, A. M., Wallander, J. L., Lydersen, S. y Sund, A. M. (2015). The longterm effects of being bullied or a bully in...
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. y Lushene, R. (1982). Manual del Cuestionario de ansiedad estado/rasgo (STAI). Madrid: TEA.
  • Strøm, I. F., Aakvaag, H. F., Birkeland, M. S., Felix, E. y Thoresen, S. (2018). The mediating role of shame in the relationship between childhood...
  • Tabachnick, B.G. y Fidell, L. S. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson. Thornberg, R. y Knutsen, S. (2011). Teenagers’...
  • Tijerina González, L. Z., González Guevara, E., Gómez Nava, M., Cisneros Estala, M. A., Rodríguez García, K. Y. y Ramos Peña, E. G. (2019)....
  • Van derWal, M.F., de Wit, C.A. y Hirasing, R. A. (2003). Psychosocial health amongyoung victims and offenders of direct and indirect bullying....
  • Villatoro, J., Andrade, P., Fleiz, C., Medina-Mora, M., Reyes, I. y Rivera, E. (1997). La relación padres-hijos: una escala para evaluar el...
  • Zhao, R. B. y Chang, Y. C. (2019). Students' family support, peer relationships, and learning motivation and teachers’ fairness have an...
  • Zhou, Z. K., Liu, Q. Q., Niu, G. F., Sun, X. J. y Fan, C. Y. (2017). Bullying victimization and depression in Chinese children: a moderated...
  • Zhu, Y., Chan, K. L. y Chen, J. (2018). Bullying victimization among Chinese middle school students: the role of family violence. Journal...