El apego en la vejez, una dimensión a tener en cuenta

• María Pilar Quiroga Méndez ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

     Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

     Salamanca, España

     
• Localización: Acción psicológica, ISSN 1578-908X, Vol. 17, Nº. 2, 2020, págs. 13-24
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5944/ap.17.2.29838
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Attachment in old age,a dimension to take into account
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    La teoría del apego aporta un marco nuevo para la comprensión de la vejez. Por sus características de respuesta de activacion automática ante cualquier situación percibida como amenazante, el apego es un constructo especialmente importante en la vejez. Se postula el apego como el factor precursor de la regulación emocional del anciano, por su automatismo, estabilidad en el ciclo vital y conexión con mecanismos biológicos básicos de la ansiedad. Los apegos resistentes actúan en la vejez produciendo respuestas de extrema dependencia y sufrimiento; y los tipos evitativos activan una independencia excesiva, que impide el autocuidado y la percepción de riesgo. Ademas los problemas de salud propios de la vejez, se agravan en los sujetos con apego inseguro, creando una mayor vulnerabilidad a la enfermedad por los procesos biológicos de tipo inflamatorio y cardiaco, subyacentes a este tipo de apegos. Más de la mitad de la población mayor puede considerarse población de riesgo, debido a la presencia de apegos inseguros. A través de la teoria del apego se pueden comprender las reacciones de las personas mayores sometidas a tensión e intervenir de un modo ajustado, pues esta perspectiva se convierte en moduladora y novedosa para la comprensión del envejecimiento patológico y saludable.

  • English

    Attachment theory provides a new framework for under-standing old age. Due to its automaticactivation response characteristics to any situation perceived as threatening, attachment in old age is an especially important construct. Attachment is postulated as the precursor factor of emo-tional regulation in the elderly, due to its automatism,stability in the life cycle and connection with basic biological mechanisms of anxiety. Resistant attachments act in old age, producing responses of extreme dependence and suf-fering; and avoidance types activate excessive independ-ence, which prevents self-care and the perception of risk. In addition, health problems typical of old age are aggra-vated in insecurely attached subjects, creating a greater vulnerability to disease due to the inflammatory and car-diac biological processes underlying this typeof attach-ment. More than half ofthe elderly population can be con-sidered a population at risk, due to the presence of insecure attachments. Through attachment theory, it is possible to understand the reactions of older people under stress and intervenein a tight way, since this perspective becomes modulating and novel for the understanding of old age.

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