Optimismo disposicional y estrés: claves para promover el bienestar psicológico

• Sara Puig Pérez ^[1] ; Marta Aliño Costa ^[1] ; Aránzazu Duque Moreno ^[1] ; Irene Cano López ^[1] ; Paula Martínez López ^[1] ; Mercedes Almela Zamorano ^[1] ; María José García Rubio ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Internacional de Valencia

     Universidad Internacional de Valencia

     Valencia, España

     
• Localización: Papeles del psicólogo, ISSN-e 1886-1415, ISSN 0214-7823, Vol. 42, Nº. 2, 2021, págs. 135-142
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Dispositional optimism and stress: keys to promoting psychological well-being
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Numerosos estudios señalan que los factores psicológicos afectan de forma importante al funcionamiento fisiológico del organismo. El optimismo disposicional considerado un rasgo unidimensional de personalidad, se relaciona con las expectativas de éxito futuro según la Self-Regulatory Behavior Theory. En diversos estudios, el optimismo se propone como factor modulador de la respuesta de estrés tanto crónico como agudo ya que altos niveles en la dimensión se asocian con bajos niveles de estrés percibido y cortisol. Además, el optimismo parece ser una variable clave en la regulación del ritmo circadiano del eje Hipotálamo-HipófisoAdrenal (HHA). Esta influencia se ha estudiado con datos de cortisol en pelo, la respuesta matutina de cortisol y el nivel de cortisol a lo largo del día, encontrando resultados inconsistentes hasta el momento. En el presente trabajo se analiza la relación entre el optimismo y la respuesta de estrés acorde al eje HHA que ha mostrado ser relevante en la promoción del bienestar físico y psicológico. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la incorporación del optimismo disposicional en los programas de intervención psicológica como estrategia para promover el bienestar psicológico y prevenir la enfermedad en la población dada su relación con el desarrollo de alteraciones físicas y psicológicas como resultado de estados disfuncionales de estrés.

  • English

    Numerous studies indicate that psychological factors significantly affect the physiological functioning of the body. Dispositional optimism, considered a one-dimensional personality trait, is related to expectations of future success according to self-regulatory behavior theory. In various studies, optimism is proposed as a modulating factor of both the chronic and acute stress response, since high levels in optimism have been associated with low levels of perceived stress and cortisol. Furthermore, optimism appears to be a key variable in the regulation of the circadian rhythm of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This influence has been studied with data on hair cortisol, the awakening cortisol response, and the cortisol level throughout the day, with inconsistent results being found so far. In the present work, the relationship between optimism and the stress response according to the HPA axis is analyzed, which has been shown to be relevant in promoting physical and psychological well-being. Likewise, the incorporation of dispositional optimism in psychological intervention programs is considered as a strategy to promote psychological well-being and prevent disease in the population, given its relationship with the development of physical and psychological alterations as a result of dysfunctional states of stress.

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