Preliminary validation study of the intrinsic religious motivation scale and the centrality of religiosity scale for the portuguese population

• Pedro Araújo ^[1] ; Sara Gomes ^[1] ; Diogo Guedes Vidal ^[3] ; Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa ^[2] ; Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis ^[3] ; Ângela Leite ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade Católica Portuguesa

     Universidade Católica Portuguesa

     Socorro, Portugal

     
  2. [2] Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

     Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro

     Vila Real (São Pedro), Portugal

     
  3. [3] UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit (FP-ENAS), University Fernando Pessoa

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, ISSN 2174-8144, ISSN-e 2254-9625, Vol. 11, Nº. 3, 2021, págs. 908-922
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe11030067
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Religion is a construct widely present in most people’s lives. Religious motivations, either intrinsic or extrinsic, as well as religious centrality, are crucial aspects of religion. In the Portuguese population, there are no validated instruments to assess these aspects of religion. Accordingly, this study intends to validate the Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale (IRMS) and the Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS) for the Portuguese population. This is a validation study whose sample consists of 326 participants (73.1% women) from the general population. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were carried out and the correlations between the constructs and self-compassion were determined to assess the convergent and divergent validity. The results obtained confirm the existence of models adjusted to the population, allowing us to conclude that the instruments are reliable for assessing the studied constructs. The validation of the IRMS and CRS for the Portuguese population is of outstanding importance, as it provides researchers in the field with valid instruments and psychometric qualities to carry out research within religion and religiosity.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Beckerson, W.T.; Durkheim, E.; Swain, T.W. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life. Ir. Church Q. 1916, 9, 245.
  • Leite, Â.; Vidal, D.G.; Dinis, M.A.P.; Sousa, H.F.P.; Dias, P. The Relevance of God to Religious Believers and Non-Believers. Religions 2020,...
  • James, D.W. The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature; Penguin Books: London, UK, 1982.
  • Cohen, A.B. Many Forms of Culture. Am. Psychol. 2009, 64, 194–204.
  • Inzlicht, M.; Tullett, A.M.; Good, M. The need to believe: A neuroscience account of religion as a motivated process. Relig. Brain Behav....
  • Arnett, J.J. Emerging Adulthood: What Is It, and What Is It Good For? Child Dev. Perspect. 2007, 1, 68–73.
  • Ano, G.G.; Vasconcelles, E.B. Religious coping and psychological adjustment to stress: A meta-analysis. J. Clin. Psychol. 2005, 61, 461–480.
  • Vitell, S.J.; Bing, M.N.; Davison, H.K.; Ammeter, A.P.; Garner, B.L.; Novicevic, M.M. Religiosity and moral identity: The mediating role of...
  • De Freitas, M.H. Psicologia religiosa: Psicologia da religião/espiritualidade, ou psicologia e religião/espiritualidade? Rev. Pist. Prax....
  • Hindriks, P.; Verkuyten, M.; Coenders, M. Interminority Attitudes: The Roles of Ethnic and National Identification, Contact, and Multiculturalism....
  • Carneiro, A.; Sousa, H.F.P.; Dinis, M.A.P.; Leite, Â. Human values and religion: Evidence from the european social survey. Soc. Sci. 2021,...
  • Wulff, D.H. Psychology of Religion: Classic and Contemporary, 2nd ed.; Hamilton Printing: Hamilton, TX, USA, 1997.
  • Freud, S. Obsessive Actions and Religious Practices. In The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (Trans....
  • Barrett, J.L. Why Would Anyone Believe in God? AltaMira Press: Lanham, MA, USA, 2004.
  • Barrett, J.L. Keeping science in cognitive science of religion: Needs of the field. In The Evolution of Religion: Studies, Theories, and Critiques;...
  • Kelemen, D.; Rosset, E. The Human Function Compunction: Teleological explanation in adults. Cognition 2009, 111, 138–143.
  • Uzarevic, F.; Coleman, T.J. The psychology of nonbelievers. Curr. Opin. Psychol. 2021, 40, 131–138.
  • Anczyk, A.; Grzymała-Moszcyńska, H. The Psychology of Migration: Facing Cultural and Religious Diversity; Brill: Leiden, The Netherlands,...
  • Ghorbani, N.; Watson, P.J.; Khan, Z.H. Theoretical, Empirical, and Potential Ideological Dimensions of Using Western Conceptualizations to...
  • Allport, G.W.; Ross, J.M. Personal religious orientation and prejudice. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 1967, 5, 432–443.
  • Abdel-Khalek, A.M. The Construction and Validation of the Arabic Scale of Intrinsic Religiosity (ASIR). Psychol. Behav. Sci. Int. J. 2017,...
  • Eskelinen, V.; Pauha, T.; Kunst, J.; Räsänen, A.; Jasinskaja-Lahti, I. Exploring religiosity and attitudes towards Christians and non-believers...
  • Hafizi, S.; Koenig, H.G.; Khalifa, D.A. Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of Hoge Intrinsic Religiosity Scale in Muslims: A Brief...
  • Esperandio, M.R.G.; August, H.; Viacava, J.J.C.; Huber, S.; Fernandes, M.L. Brazilian validation of centrality of religiosity scale (CRS-10BR...
  • Rożnowski, B.; Zarzycka, B. Centrality of religiosity as a predictor of work orientation styles and work engagement: A moderating role of...
  • Francis, L.J.; Wilcox, C. Religion and gender orientation. Personal. Individ. Differ. 1996, 20, 119–121.
  • Ackert, M.; Maglakelidze, E.; Badurashvili, I.; Huber, S. Validation of the Short Forms of the Centrality of Religiosity Scale in Georgia....
  • Hoge, R. A Validated Intrinsic Religious Motivation Scale. J. Sci. Study Relig. 1972, 11, 369.
  • Batson, C.D. Religion as Prosocial: Agent or Double Agent? J. Sci. Study Relig. 1976, 15, 29.
  • Batson, C.D.; Schoenrade, P.A. Measuring Religion as Quest: 1) Validity Concerns. J. Sci. Study Relig. 1991, 30, 416.
  • Batson, C.D.; Schoenrade, P.A. Measuring Religion as Quest: 2) Reliability Concerns. J. Sci. Study Relig. 1991, 30, 430.
  • Huber, S. Zentralität und Inhalt: Ein Neues Multidimensionales Messmodell der Religiosität; Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden: Wiesbaden, Germany,...
  • Huber, S.; Huber, O.W. The Centrality of Religiosity Scale (CRS). Religions 2012, 3, 710–724.
  • Park, C.L. Religiousness/spirituality and health: A meaning systems perspective. J. Behav. Med. 2007, 30, 319–328.
  • Glock, C.Y. On the study of religious commitment. Relig. Educ. 1962, 57, 98–110.
  • Neff, K.D. The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self Identity 2003, 2, 223–250.
  • Krok, D.; Zarzycka, B.; Telka, E. The Religious Meaning System and Resilience in Spouse Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A Moderated Mediation...
  • Appel, J.E.; Park, C.L.; Wortmann, J.H.; van Schie, H.T. Meaning Violations, Religious/Spiritual Struggles, and Meaning in Life in the Face...
  • Nash, D.; Stark, R.; Glock, C.Y. American Piety: The Nature of Religious Commitment. Soc. Forces 1968, 47, 232.
  • Seligman, M.E.; Csikszentmihalyi, M. Positive psychology. An introduction. Am. Psychol. 2000, 55, 5–14.
  • Forsman, A.K.; Wahlbeck, K.; Aarø, L.E.; Alonso, J.; Barry, M.M.; Brunn, M.; Cardoso, G.; Cattan, M.; De Girolamo, G.; Eberhard-Gran, M.;...
  • Kotera, Y.; Ting, S.H. Positive Psychology of Malaysian University Students: Impacts of Engagement, Motivation, Self-Compassion, and Well-being...
  • Gilbert, P. The Compassionate Mind: A New Approach to Life’s Challenges; New Harbinger: Oakland, CA, USA, 2010.
  • Neff, K.D.; Kirkpatrick, K.L.; Rude, S.S. Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. J. Res. Personal. 2007, 41, 139–154.
  • Yarnell, L.M.; Stafford, R.E.; Neff, K.D.; Reilly, E.D.; Knox, M.C.; Mullarkey, M. Meta-Analysis of Gender Differences in Self-Compassion....
  • Ghorbani, N.; Watson, P.J.; Kashanaki, H.; Chen, Z.J. Diversity and Complexity of Religion and Spirituality in Iran: Relationships with Self-Compassion...
  • Ghorbani, N.; Watson, P.J.; Chen, Z.; Norballa, F. Self-Compassion in Iranian Muslims: Relationships with Integrative Self-Knowledge, Mental...
  • Rezapour-Mirsaleh, Y.; Abolhasani, F.; Amini, R.; Choobforoushzadeh, A.; Masoumi, S.; Shameli, L. Effect of Self-Compassion Intervention based...
  • De Souza, L.K.; Reppold, C.T.; Tavares, I.; Hutz, C.S. Self-compassion in religious practitioners: Criterion validity evidence for the Self-Compassion...
  • World Medical Association declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc....
  • Allport, G.W. The Individual and His Religion; Macmillan: New York, NY, USA, 1950.
  • Feagin, J.R. Prejudice and Relegious Types: A Focused Study of Southern Fundamentalists. J. Sci. Study Relig. 1964, 4, 3.
  • Raes, F.; Pommier, E.; Neff, K.D.; Van Gucht, D. Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin....
  • Castilho, P.; Pinto-Gouveia, J.; Duarte, J. Evaluating the Multifactor Structure of the Long and Short Versions of the Self-Compassion Scale...
  • Kaiser, H.F. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika 1974, 39, 31–36.
  • Bartlett, M.S. Tests of Significance in Factor Analysis. Br. J. Stat. Psychol. 1950, 3, 77–85.
  • Kaiser, H.F. The Application of Electronic Computers to Factor Analysis. Educ. Psychol. Meas. 1960, 20, 141–151.
  • Carpenter, S. Ten Steps in Scale Development and Reporting: A Guide for Researchers. Commun. Methods Meas. 2018, 12, 25–44.
  • Satorra, A.; Bentler, P.M. A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika 2001, 66, 507–514.
  • Hu, L.T.; Bentler, P.M. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct....
  • Browne, M.W.; Cudeck, R. Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit. Sociol. Methods Res. 1992, 21, 230–258.
  • Kline, R.B. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling; Guilford Publications: New York, NY, USA, 2015; ISBN 1462523358.
  • Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F. Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error: Algebra and Statistics. J. Mark....
  • Field, A. Discovering Statistics Using SPSS, 3rd ed.; Sage Publications: New York, NY, USA, 2009.