Revisitando el concepto de la banalidad del mal desde la perspectiva del liderazgo de identidad

• Jesús M. Canto ^[1] ; Macarena Vallejo-Martín ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Málaga

     Universidad de Málaga

     Málaga, España

     
• Localización: Escritos de psicología, ISSN-e 1989-3809, ISSN 1138-2635, Vol. 13, Nº 1, 2020, págs. 34-45
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.24310/espsiescpsi.v13i1.10080
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Revisiting the concept of the banality of evil from the perspective of identity leadership
• Enlaces
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• Resumen
  • español

    El concepto de la banalidad del mal ha sido utilizado para explicar la maldad humana. Este concepto ha sido muy influyente en la psicología social y en el resto de las ciencias sociales. Los resultados obtenidos en los experimentos de Milgram sobre obediencia y en el experimento de la prisión de Stanford (EPS) han sido considerados como muestras de apoyo empírico al concepto de la banalidad del mal. Pero este concepto está recibiendo importantes críticas desde la historia y desde la propia psicología social. El reanálisis de los estudios de Milgram y del EPS no apoya las formulaciones teóricas clásicas formuladas por Milgram y Zimbardo. La variabilidad de los niveles de obediencia en los experimentos de Milgram y en el comportamiento mostrado por los guardias y prisioneros en el EPS requieren otro modelo teórico explicativo de tales resultados. Enmarcados dentro de la perspectiva de la identidad social, Haslam y Reicher proponen que el papel del liderazgo de identidad es un concepto clave para explicar los resultados obtenidos en estos estudios.

  • English

    The concept of the banality of evil has been used to explain human evil. This concept has been very influential in social psychology and in the other social sciences. Empirical support for this concept has been provided by the results obtained in the Milgram experiments on obedience and in the Stanford prison experiment (SPE), among others. However, it has received relevant criticism from the disciplines of history and social psychology. Reanalysis of the Milgram and EPE studies does not support the classic theoretical formulations offered by Milgram and Zimbardo. A different theoretical explanatory model of the results is needed in the light of variations in the levels of obedience in Milgram’s experiments and in the behaviour of the guards and prisoners in the SPE. Framed within the perspective of social identity theory, Haslam and Reicher proposed that the role of identity leadership is a key concept to explain the results obtained in these studies.

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