Evaluación de los déficits sintácticos en la afasia: un estudio sobre la comprensión de oraciones en orden canónico y no canónico

• Sánchez, María Elina ^[1] ; Sevilla, Yamila ^[1] ; Fuchs, Martín ^[1] ; Jaichenco, Virginia ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Buenos Aires

     Universidad de Buenos Aires

     Argentina

     
• Localización: Subjetividad y Procesos Cognitivos, ISSN-e 1666-244X, Vol. 24, Nº. 1, 2020 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Escalas y Cuestionarios), págs. 123-142
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Assessment of syntactic deficits in Aphasia: a study on the sentence comprehension in canonical and non-canonical order
• Enlaces
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• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Las alteraciones sintácticas han sido documentadas en personas con diferentes perfiles de afasia. Este trabajo se propone mostrar el diseño de una prueba que permite evaluar específicamente la comprensión de oraciones en español con tres tipos de oraciones: activas, pasivas y hendidas o dislocadas de objeto.La primera presenta orden estructural canónico Sujeto-Verbo-Objeto, mientras que las otrasdos presentan el orden inverso. Participaron del estudio4 personascon afasia(PCA)y un grupo control de 18 sujetos sin lesiones ni alteraciones del lenguaje emparejados en edad y nivel de escolaridad.Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de pacientes tuvo un peor rendimiento que el grupo control lo que evidencia un perfilde PCA con alteraciones en la comprensión de oraciones.Además, el rendimiento de las PCAen las oraciones activasfuesignificativamente mejor que en las otras dos estructuras evidenciando un efecto de canonicidad.La prueba diseñada resulta serun instrumento sensibley útil para el diagnósticode los déficits sintácticos en la afasia.

  • English

    yntactic deficits have been documented in people with different aphasia profiles. This work aims to show the design of a test that allows to assess comprehension in Spanish with three specific sentences types: active, passive and object cleft. The former presents canonical Subject-Verb-Object structural order, while the other twopresent the inverse order. Four people with aphasia (PWA) and a control group of 18 subjects without lesions or language disorders matched for age and level of education participated in the study. The results showed that the patient group had lower performance than the control group, evidencing a PWA profile with alterations in sentence comprehension. Furthermore, the performance of the PWA group attested the expected canonicity effect--it was significantly better for active sentences than for the other two structures. The designed test turns out to be a sensitive and useful instrument for the assessment of syntactic deficits in aphasia.

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