Del hijo único al segundo hijo: políticas demográficas en China y sus consecuencias sobre la población

• Francisco Zamora López ^[1] ; Cristina Rodríguez Veiga ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de Vigo
• Localización: REIS: Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, ISSN 0210-5233, Nº 172, 2020, págs. 141-160
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5477/cis/reis.172.141
• Títulos paralelos:
  • From one child to two: demographic policies in China and their impact on population
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Desde la aplicación de la política del hijo único en 1979 hasta la ya anunciada posible desaparición de cualquier mención a un número máximo de hijos en marzo de 2020, los dirigentes chinos han ido adaptando la natalidad de la población china a las supuestas necesidades de su demografía. Se analiza si la política del hijo único incidió sobre el descenso de la fecundidad en China, así como otras consecuencias que habitualmente se le atribuyen: descenso del crecimiento poblacional, envejecimiento acelerado, incremento del desequilibrio por sexo y desequilibrio del mercado matrimonial. Igualmente se intenta averiguar lo que hubiera pasado de no aplicarse esta política del hijo único. Por último, se procura valorar cuáles serían las consecuencias sobre la situación demográfica actual china de la previsible desaparición de la limitación del número máximo de hijos por pareja.

  • English

    Since the application of the only child policy in 1979 to the already announced possible disappearance of any mention to a maximum number of children in March 2020, the Chinese leaders have been adapting the natality of the Chinese population to the supposed needs of their demography. It is analyzed if the only child policy affected the decline of the fertility in China, as well as the other consequences, which are usually related such as the drop of the population growth, accelerated aging, increase of the sex imbalance and imbalance in the marriage market. Also, it is aim of this work to find out what have would happened if this only child policy had not been carried out. Finally, another goal is to assess the possible consequences over the current demographic situation in China, in the foreseeable case of the extinction in the limit of the maximum number of children per couple.

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