Wen Hsu Lin, Chi Chiao
Antecedentes/Objetivo La soledad es un problema de salud mental que emerge a lo largo de la vida. Se examina la estructura latente de la soledad de adultos en una sociedad no occidental y su asociación con experiencias adversas en la adolescencia (EAAs), además de sentirse solo durante la Secundaria y la Universidad.
Método Se analizó una muestra de cohorte de Taiwán (N = 2.289) desde la adolescencia hasta la edad adulta. La Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale operacionalizó la soledad mediante un modelo de tres grupos para presentar la estructura latente de la soledad: emocional, emocional grave y soledad emocional/social severa. Las EAAs (e.g., abuso, negligencia y familia disfuncional) se midieron con siete ítems. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística multinomial multivariante para explorar los efectos longitudinales de EAAs y sentirse solo informado durante la Secundaria y la Universidad sobre la soledad adulta.
Resultados Las EAAs y sentirse solo durante la adolescencia se asociaron significativamente con soledad emocional grave y emocional/social severa durante la adultez, incluso después de ajustarse a las características del individuo. Asistir a la Universidad durante cuatro años se asoció con una disminución de las probabilidades de soledad emocional grave y emocional/social severa.
Conclusiones Adultos con EAAs y sentimientos de soledad durante las etapas de la vida tienen más probabilidades de informar soledad en ámbitos emocional y social.
Loneliness is a mental health issue emerging over the life course. This study examines the latent structure of adult loneliness in a non-Western society and its association with adverse adolescence experiences (AAEs) as well as feeling lonely during middle school, high school, and college. Method: A cohort sample living in Northern Taiwan (N = 2,289) was analyzed from adolescence to adulthood. The de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale operationalized loneliness by a three-cluster model to present the latent structure of loneliness: emotional, serious emotional, and severe emotional/social loners. AAEs (e.g., abuse, neglect, and dysfunctional family) were measured by seven items. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression models were used to explore the longitudinal effects of AAEs and feeling lonely reported during middle school, high school, and college on adult loneliness. Results: AAEs and feeling lonely during adolescence were significantly associated with serious emotional loneliness and severe emotional/social loneliness during adulthood, even after adjusting for the individual’s characteristics. Attendance at a 4-year college was associated with decreased odds of serious emotional loneliness and severe emotional/social loneliness. Conclusions: Adults with AAEs and feelings of loneliness over life stages are more likely to report loneliness in the emotional and social domains.