Desentendimiento moral y atribución de culpa: Encuentros y desencuentros en el estudio de la cognición moral

• Moreno Romero, Camilo Orlando ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Los Andes

     Universidad de Los Andes

     Colombia

     
• Localización: Revista Colombiana de Psicología, ISSN-e 0121-5469, Vol. 29, N. 1, 2020, págs. 125-141
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.15446/.v29n1.76536
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Moral disengament and blame attribution: Convergences and divergences in the study of moral cognition
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 5 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El estudio de la cognición moral pareciera estar marcado por dos tradiciones: una centrada en el estudio del procesamiento de información referente a la causalidad y la intencionalidad, y otra que, con origen en posturas sociocognitivas, privilegia la agencia moral y regulación conductual más allá del procesamiento. Así, pareciera existir una brecha entre el estudio del razonamiento y el estudio de la conducta cuando se habla de moral. La presente propuesta muestra una interacción entre un modelo de culpa (path model) centrado en el procesamiento de información y el Desentendimiento Moral (DM) como un conjunto de mecanismos que surgen para justificar la conducta inmoral. Si bien la integración no es completa, aporta a una visión de la cognición moral centrada en la regulación social y en las interacciones entre juicios y respuestas evidentes en las interacciones sociales. Adicionalmente, como producto de la interacción se presenta una propuesta metodológica para indagar por el origen del DM en el desarrollo. Cómo citar este artículo: Moreno-Romero, C. O. (2020). Desentendimiento Moral y Atribución de Culpa: Encuentros y Desencuentros en el Estudio de la Cognición Moral. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 29, 125-141. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v29n1.76536

  • English

    The study of moral cognition seems to be marked by two traditions: one focused on the study of information processing about causality and intentionality, and another that stemming from socio-cognitive positions talks about moral agency and behavioural regulation beyond the processing. Then, there seems to be a gap between the study of reasoning and the study of behaviour about morality. The present proposal offers an interaction between a model of blame (path model) focused on information processing and Moral Disengagement (MD) as a set of mechanisms to justify immoral behaviour. Although the interaction is not complete, it contributes to a vision of moral cognition centred on social regulation and on the interdependence between judgments and responses present in social interactions. Additionally, as a result of the interaction, it is proposed a methodological approach to investigate the origin of MD in development. How to cite: Moreno-Romero, C. O. (2020).Moral Disengagement and Attribution of Blame: Convergences and Divergences in the Study of Moral Cognition. Revista Colombiana de Psicología, 29, 125-141. https://doi.org/10.15446/rcp.v29n1.76536

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Almeida, A., Correia, I., & Marinho, S. (2010). Moral Disengagement, Normative Beliefs of Peer Group, and Attitudes Regarding Roles in...
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social Cognitive Theory of Moral Thought and Action. En W. M. Kurtines & J. L. Gewiritz (Eds.), Handbook of Moral...
  • Bandura, A. (2001). Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
  • Bandura, A. (2002). Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency. Journal of Moral Education, 31, 101-119. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724022014322.
  • Bandura, A. (2004). Selective Exercise of Moral Agency. En H. J. Thorkildsen, T. A. & Walberg (Ed.), Nurturing Morality (pp. 37-57). Boston:...
  • Bandura, A. (2006). Toward a Psychology of Human Agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science (Wiley-Blackwell), 1, 164-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00011.x.
  • Bandura, A. (2007). Impeding Ecological Sustainability through Selective Moral Disengagement. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable...
  • Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency....
  • Bastian, B., & Haslam, N. (2010). Excluded from Humanity: The Dehumanizing Effects of Social Ostracism. Journal of Experimental Social...
  • Bastian, B., Jetten, J., & Radke, H. R. M. (2012). Cyber-Dehumanization: Violent Video Game Play Diminishes Our Humanity. Journal of Experimental...
  • Blake, P. R., & McAuliffe, K. (2011). “I Had so Much It Didn’t Seem Fair” Eight-Year-Olds Reject Two Forms of Inequity. Cognition, 120,...
  • Bustamante, A., & Chaux, E. (2014). Reducing Moral Disengagement Mechanisms: A Comparison of Two Interventions. Journal of Latino–Latin...
  • Camerer, C. F., & Fehr, E. (2003). Measuring Social Norms and Preferences Using Experimental Games: A Guide for Social Scientists Measuring...
  • Caprara, G. V., Barbaranelli, C., Vicino, S., & Bandura, A. (1996). La misura del disimpegno morale. Rassegna di Psicologia, 13, 83-106....
  • Caravita, S. C. S., Gini, G., & Pozzoli, T. (2012). Main and Moderated Effects of Moral Cognition and Status on Bullying and Defending....
  • Caravita, S. C. S., Sijtsema, J. J., Rambaran, J. A., & Gini, G. (2014). Peer Influences on Moral Disengagement in Late Childhood and...
  • Castano, E. (2008). On the Perils of Glorifying the In-group: Intergroup Violence, In-group Glorification, and Moral Disengagement. Social...
  • Catellani, P., Alberici, A. I., & Milesi, P. (2004). Counterfactual Thinking and Stereotypes: The Nonconformity Effect. European Journal...
  • Chance, Z., & Norton, M. I. (2015). The What and Why of Self-Deception. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 104-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.008.
  • Chaux, E., & Castellanos, M. (2015). Money and Age in Schools: Bullying and Power Imbalances. Aggressive Behavior, 41, 280-293. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21558.
  • Chernyak, N., & Kushnir, T. (2014). The Self as a Moral Agent: Preschoolers Behave Morally, But Believe in the Freedom to Do Otherwise....
  • Christensen, J. F., Flexas, A., Calabrese, M., Gut, N. K., & Gomila, A. (2014). Moral Judgment Reloaded: A Moral Dilemma Validation Study....
  • Coates, D. J., & Tognazzini, N. (2013) The Contours of Blame. En D. J. Coates & N. Tognazzini (Eds.), Blame Its Natures and Norms...
  • Cross, D., Barnes, A., Papageorgiou, A., Hadwen, K., Hearn, L., & Lester, L. (2015). A Social-Ecological Framework for Understanding and...
  • Cushman, F. (2008). Crime and Punishment: Distinguishing the Roles of Causal and Intentional Analyses in Moral Judgment. Cognition, 108, 353-380....
  • Cushman, F. (2015a). Deconstructing Intent to Reconstruct Morality. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.06.003.
  • Cushman, F. (2015b). From Moral Concern to Moral Constraint. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 3, 58-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.01.006.
  • Cushman, F., Sheketoff, R., Wharton, S., & Carey, S. (2013). The Development of Intent-Based Moral Judgment. Cognition, 127, 6-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.11.008.
  • Cushman, F., & Young, L. (2011). Patterns of Moral Judgment Derive from Nonmoral Psychological Representations. Cognitive Science, 35,...
  • De Caroli, M. E., & Sagone, E. (2014). Belief in a Just World, Prosocial Behavior, and Moral Disengagement in Adolescence. Procedia–Social...
  • DeScioli, P., Bruening, R., & Kurzban, R. (2011). The Omission Effect in Moral Cognition: Toward a Functional Explanation. Evolution and...
  • DeScioli, P., & Kurzban, R. (2009). Mysteries of Morality. Cognition, 112, 281-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.05.008.
  • Dovidio, J. F., Gaterner, S. L. (2001). Intergroup Bias. En G. Fiske, S. Gilbert, & D. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp....
  • Evans, J. S. B. T. (2008). Dual-Processing Accounts of Reasoning, Judgment, and Social Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255-278....
  • Fehr, E., Bernhard, H., & Rockenbach, B. (2008). Egalitarianism in Young Children. Nature, 454, 1079-1083. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07155.
  • Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2012). Mechanisms of Social Cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 287-313. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100449.
  • Gilbert, E. A., Tenney, E. R., Holland, C. R., & Spellman, B. A. (2015). Counterfactuals, Control, and Causation. Personality and Social...
  • Gini, G. (2006). Social Cognitiion and Moral Cognition in Bullying: What’s Wrong. Aggressive Behavior, 32, 528-539. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20153.
  • Gini, G., Pozzoli, T., & Hymel, S. (2014). Moral Disengagement among Children and Youth: A Meta-Analytic Review of Links to Aggressive...
  • Guglielmo, S., Monroe, A. E., & Malle, B. F. (2009). At the Heart of Morality Lies Folk Psychology. Inquiry, 52, 449-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/00201740903302600.
  • Gummerum, M., & Chu, M. T. (2014). Outcomes and Intentions in Children’s, Adolescents’, and Adults’ Second- and Third-Party Punishment...
  • Gummerum, M., Hanoch, Y., & Keller, M. (2008). When Child Development Meets Economic Game Theory: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Investigating...
  • Güroǧlu, B., van den Bos, W., & Crone, E. A. (2009). Fairness Considerations: Increasing Understanding of Intentionality during Adolescence....
  • Haidt, J. (2001). The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814-838....
  • Haidt, J., & Kesebir, S. (2010). Morality. En S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (pp. 797-832)....
  • Heiphetz, L., & Young, L. (2014). A Social Cognitive Developmental Perspective on Moral Judgment. Behaviour, 151, 315-335. https://doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003131.
  • Hinrichs, K. T., Wang, L., Hinrichs, A. T., & Romero, E. J. (2012). Moral Disengagement Through Displacement of Responsibility The Role...
  • Holroyd, J. (2007). A Communicative Conception of Moral Appraisal. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice, 10, 267-278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-007-9067-5.
  • Ingram, G. P. D. (2014). From Hitting to Tattling to Gossip: An Evolutionary Rationale for the Development of Indirect Aggression. Evolutionary...
  • Janoff-Bulman, R., & Carnes, N. C. (2013). Surveying the Moral Landscape: Moral Motives and Group-Based Moralities. Personality and Social...
  • Kelemen, D., Widdowson, D., Posner, T., Brown, A. L., & Casier, K. (2003). Teleo-Functional Constraints on Preschool Children’s Reasoning...
  • Kish-Gephart, J., Detert, J., Treviño, L. K., Baker, V., & Martin, S. (2014). Situational Moral Disengagement: Can the Effects of Self-Interest...
  • Kogut, T., Slovic, P., & Västfjäll, D. (2015). The Effect of Recipient Identifiability and Neediness on Children’s Sharing Behavior. Journal...
  • Kochanska, G., Gross, J. N., Lin, M. H., & Nichols, K. E. (2003). Guilt in Young Children: Development, Determinants, and Relations with...
  • Korman, J., & Malle, B. F. (2016). Grasping for Traits or Reasons? How People Grapple with Puzzling Social Behaviors. Personality and...
  • Lagnado, D. A., & Channon, S. (2008). Judgments of Cause and Blame: The Effects of Intentionality and Foreseeability. Cognition, 108,...
  • Malle, B. F. (2011a). Attribution Theories: How People Make Sense of Behavior. En D. Chaade (Ed.), Theories in Social Psychology (pp. 72-95)....
  • Malle, B. F., Guglielmo, S., & Monroe, A. E. (2012). Moral, Cognitive, and Social The nature of Blame. En C. Forgas, J. Fiedler &...
  • Malle, B. F., Guglielmo, S., & Monroe, A. E. (2014). A Theory of Blame. Psychological Inquiry, 25, 147-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.877340.
  • Malle, B. F., Monroe, A. E., & Guglielmo, S. (2014). Paths to Blame and Paths to Convergence. Psychological Inquiry, 25, 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.913379.
  • Martin, J. W., & Cushman, F. (2016). Why We Forgive What Can’t Be Controlled. Cognition, 147, 133-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.11.008.
  • McAlister, A. (2001). Moral disengagement: Measurement and Modification. Journal of Peace Research, 38, 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343301038001005.
  • McAuliffe, K., Jordan, J. J., & Warneken, F. (2015). Costly Third-Party Punishment in Young Children. Cognition, 134, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j....
  • Misch, A., Over, H., & Carpenter, M. (2014). Stick with Your Group: Young Children’s Attitudes about Group Loyalty. Journal of Experimental...
  • Moore, C. (2009). Fairness in Children’s Resource Allocation Depends on the Recipient. Psychological Science, 20, 944-948. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02378.x.
  • Moore, C. (2015). Moral Disengagement. Current Opinion in Psychology, 6, 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.07.018.
  • Mulvey, K. L. (2016). Evaluations of Moral and Conventional Intergroup Transgressions. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 34, 489-501....
  • Nobes, G., Panagiotaki, G., & Pawson, C. (2009). The Influence of Negligence, Intention, and Outcome on Children’s Moral Judgments. Journal...
  • Obermann, M. L. (2013). Temporal Aspects of Moral Disengagement in School Bullying: Crystallization or Escalation? Journal of School Violence,...
  • O’Connor, E., McCormack, T., & Feeney, A. (2014). Do Children Who Experience Regret Make Better Decisions? A Developmental Study of the...
  • O’Laughlin, M. J., & Malle, B. F. (2002). How People Explain Actions Performed by Groups and Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social...
  • Osofsky, M. J., Bandura, A., & Zimbardo, P. G. (2005). The Role of Moral Disengagement in the Execution Process. Law and Human Behavior,...
  • Paciello, M., Fida, R., Tramontano, C., Lupinetti, C., & Caprara, G. (2008). Stability and Change of Moral Disengagement and Its Impacts...
  • Palacio, L., & Parra, D. (2015). ¡Tómelo o déjelo! Evidencia experimental sobre racionalidad, preferencias sociales y negociación. Lecturas...
  • Peplak, J., Song, J. H., Colasante, T., & Malti, T. (2017). “Only You Can Play with Me!” Children’s Inclusive Decision Making, Reasoning,...
  • Perren, S., & Gutzwiller-Helfenfinger, E. (2012). Cyberbullying and Traditional Bullying in Adolescence: Differential Roles of Moral Disengagement,...
  • Pornari, C. D., & Wood, J. (2010). Peer and Cyber Aggression in Secondary School Students: The Role of Moral Disengagement, Hostile Attribution...
  • Pozzoli, T., Gini, G., & Vieno, A. (2012). Individual and Class Moral Disengagement in Bullying Among Elementary School Children. Aggressive...
  • Rai, T. S., & Fiske, A. P. (2011). Moral Psychology is Relationship Regulation: Moral Motives for Unity, Hierarchy, Equality, and Proportionality....
  • Reynolds, S. J., Dang, C. T., Yam, K. C., & Leavitt, K. (2014). The Role of Moral Knowledge in Everyday Immorality: What Does It Matter...
  • Romera, E. M., Casas, J. A., Gómez-Ortiz, O., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2019). Moral Domain as a Risk and Protective Factor against Bullying....
  • Sette, S., Baldwin, D., Zava, F., Baumgartner, E., & Coplan, R. J. (2019). Shame on Me? Shyness, Social Experiences at Preschool, and...
  • Shu, L. L., Gino, F., & Bazerman, M. H. (2011). Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: When Cheating Leads to Moral Disengagement and Motivated...
  • Smith, C. E., Blake, P. R., & Harris, P. L. (2013). I Should but I Won’t: Why Young Children Endorse Norms of Fair Sharing but Do Not...
  • Teper, R., Zhong, C., & Inzlicht, M. (2015). How Emotions Shape Moral Behavior: Some Answers (and Questions) for the Field of Moral Psychology....
  • Thornberg, R., & Jungert, T. (2014). School Bullying and the Mechanisms of Moral Disengagement. Aggressive Behavior, 40, 99-108. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21509.
  • Tomasello, M., & Carpenter, M. (2007). Shared Intentionality. Developmental Science, 10, 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00573.x.
  • Traverso, V. (2009). The Dilemmas of Third-Party Complaints in Conversation between Friends. Journal of Pragmatics, 41, 2385-2399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.047.
  • Vaish, A., Carpenter, M., & Tomasello, M. (2010). Young Children Selectively Avoid Helping People with Harmful Intentions. Child Development,...
  • Van Cleemput, K., Vandebosch, H., & Pabian, S. (2014). Personal Characteristics and Contextual Factors that Determine “Helping,” “Joining...
  • Van Noorden, T. H. J., Haselager, G. J. T., Cillessen, A. H. N., & Bukowski, W. M. (2014). Dehumanization in Children: The Link with Moral...
  • Voiklis, J., Cusimano, C., & Malle, B. (2014). A SocialConceptual Map of Moral Criticism. En P. Bello, Guarini, M. McShane, & B. Scassellati...
  • Von Grundherr, M., Geisler, A., Stoiber, M., & Schäfer, M. (2016). School Bullying and Moral Reasoning Competence. Social Development,...
  • Wainryb, C., & Brehl, B. A. (2006). I Thought She Knew that Would Hurt my Feelings: Developing Psychological Knowledge and Moral Thinking....
  • Waytz, A., & Epley, N. (2012). Social Connection Enables Dehumanization. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j....