Conductas de adherencia al tratamiento y control del asma: El rol de la percepción del tratamiento

• Autores: Isaías Vicente Lugo González, Cynthia Zaira Vega Valero
• Localización: Interacciones: Revista de Avances en Psicología, ISSN 2411-5940, ISSN-e 2413-4465, Vol. 6, Nº. 1 (Enero - Abril), 2020
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.24016/2020.v6n1.222
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Treatment adherence behaviors and asthma control: The role of treatment perception
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Introducción: En el caso del asma, una de las problemáticas que enfrentan pacientes y servicios de salud es la falta de adherencia al medicamento de control, la cual limita el control de la enfermedad. La percepción del tratamiento (necesidad por el tratamiento y preocupación por efectos adversos del tratamiento) ha sido una de las variables psicológicas que mejor se ha asociado con esta problemática. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar, comparar y relacionar la percepción del tratamiento, las conductas de adherencia y el control de la enfermedad en adultos mexicanos con asma. Método: Participaron 267 adultos con asma de la Ciudad de México, los cuales respondieron una batería de evaluación. Resultados: Los principales resultados mostrando que los pacientes con una percepción de mayor necesidad por el medicamento y una menor preocupación por los efectos adversos del tratamiento son más adherentes y tienen un mejor control del asma que los pacientes con alta necesidad y alta preocupación y con baja necesidad y baja preocupación. Además, se identificó que, una elevada preocupación favorece la falta de adherencia y ésta, impacta negativamente en el control del asma. Conclusión: Se quiere mejorar la adherencia, se necesita incrementar la necesidad para disminuir la preocupación.

  • English

    Background: In the case of asthma, one of the problems faced by patients and health services is the poor adherence to maintenance medication, which limits disease control. Treatment perception (necessity for treatment and concern for adverse effects of treatment) has been one of the psychological variables that has been best associated with this problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate, compare and relate the treatment perception, adherence behaviors and disease control in Mexican adults with asthma. Method: 267 adults with asthma from Mexico City participated, who responded to an evaluation battery. Results: The main results show that patients with high perceived necessity of treatment and low concern about the adverse effects of treatment are more adherent and have better asthma control than patients with high necessity and high concern with low necessity and low concern. In addition, it was identified that a high concern favors poor adherence and this, negatively impacts asthma control. Conclusion: To improve adherence, it is necessary to increase the need to reduce concern.

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