El perfil geográfico: comportamiento y adaptación al medio

• Autores: Daniel Salafranca Barreda, Samuel Rodríguez Ferrández, Jorge Mateu
• Localización: International e-journal of criminal sciences, ISSN-e 1988-7949, Nº. 15, 2020
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Geographic profiling: behavior and adaptation to the environment
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    No hay teorías geográficas directas que brinden explicación de la distribución espacial del delito, sino que se ha establecido un vínculo entre la geografía humana y la criminología como resultado del desarrollo del fuerte paralelismo existente. En este contexto no tenemos constancia de la existencia de investigaciones que hayan comprobado la eficacia de la variable de distancia en modelos probabilísticos de perfilado geográfico. Una primera cuestión importante para los algoritmos de perfilado geográfico es determinar la métrica apropiada para medir la distancia considerando que su comportamiento y adaptación al medio es fundamental para salvar los obstáculos del entorno. En este sentido, el siguiente estudio tiene por objetivo explorar la influencia de los nodos y rutas en el marco de la llamada journey to crime, de los delitos realizados por Peter Sutcliffe (Yorkshire Ripper) entre los años 1975 y 1980, comparando tres medidas de distancia; directa (Euclidiana), indirecta (Manhattan) y distancias funcionales, concretamente métricas calculadas con el algoritmo Dijkstra`s, con el fin de evaluar si la distancia seleccionada varía al aplicar una función exponencial negativa en un perfil geográfico.

  • English

    There are no direct geographical theories that provide an explanation of the spatial distribution of crime, but rather a link between human geography and criminology as a result of the development of the strong existing parallelism. In this context, we do not have evidence of the existence of investigations that have verified the effectiveness of the distance variable in probabilistic models of geographic profiling. A first important issue for all geographic profile methods is to determine the appropriate metric to measure the distance, their behavior and adaptation to the environment are fundamental to overcome environmental obstacles. In this sense, the following study aims to explore the influence of the nodes and routes in the framework of the so-called journey to crime, of the crimes committed by Peter Sutcliffe (Yorkshire Ripper) between 1975 and 1980, comparing three measures of distance; direct (Euclidean), indirect (Manhattan) and functional distances, specifically metrics calculated with the Dijkstra`s algorithm, in order to evaluate whether the selected distance varies when applying a negative exponential function in a geographic profile.

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