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Reports an error in "Automaticity of word recognition is a unique predictor of reading fluency in middle-school students" by Tanja C. Roembke, Eliot Hazeltine, Deborah K. Reed and Bob McMurray (Journal of Educational Psychology, 2019[Feb], Vol 111[2], 314-330). In the article the Cronbach’s alphas values that were reported for each task were incorrect for two task versions (masked and unmasked versions of Find the Picture). The correct values are 0.61 for masked Find the Picture and 0.54 for unmasked Find the Picture. As a comparison, Cronbach’s Alphas for the rest tasks are all above 0.85. Lower reliability values for Find the Picture are likely the consequence of participants’ high overall performance in this task, particularly in one of the four randomization curricula that were used. The authors do not believe that this reduction in reliability affects the overall validity of the conclusions that were drawn, since the primary results replicated with other tasks, and because the lowered values were observed for both the masked and unmasked versions. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2018-19405-001.) Automaticity in word recognition has been hypothesized to be important in reading development (LaBerge & Samuels, 1974; Perfetti, 1985). However, when predicting educational outcomes, it is difficult to isolate the influence of automatic word recognition from factors such as processing speed or knowledge of grapheme-phoneme correspondences. Cognitive models suggest automaticity could be achieved in different components of word recognition (e.g., by memorizing familiar words or by tuning the mappings between orthography, phonology or semantics). However, the contributions of each path have not been assessed. This study developed a new measure of automaticity to overcome these limitations and relates automaticity to standard outcomes. Subjects were 58 middle-school students (mean age = 13.2 years ± 8 months) with average to below-average reading comprehension. To assess automaticity with an accuracy-based measure, backward masking was used: On half the trials, items were presented for 90 ms and replaced by a nonlinguistic mask; on the other half it was presented unmasked to assess children’s knowledge of the word. This was instantiated in 3 experimental tasks developed to maximize reliance on different reading mappings. Automaticity, particularly in a task stressing meaning, predicted reading fluency over and above knowledge of the relevant grapheme-phoneme mappings. Automaticity in tasks involving nonwords also predicted fluency, suggesting the possibility of automaticity in orthography to phonology mappings. Variation in automatic word recognition did not predict reading comprehension or decoding. This link between automatic written word recognition and fluency has important implications for how automaticity may be targeted to improve reading outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
