Acceso usuarios
Estefanía Ruiz Palomino, Rafael Ballester Arnal, María Dolores Gil Llario, Cristina Giménez García, Pedro Salmerón Sánchez
La percepción social del Sida se construye por el contexto cultural. Los factores sociales influyen la percepción del riesgo a la infección por VIH y en las actitudes hacia las personas que viven con la enfermedad. Con el objetivo de examinar si existen diferencias culturales en la percepción social del sida, se evaluaron a 200 jóvenes españoles (Medad = 20,25; DT = 1,88) y 183 jóvenes argentinos (Medad = 22,30; DT = 2,89). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Prevención del Sida que evalúa los principales componentes de los modelos de prevención sobre el VIH. Los resultados muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la probabilidad percibida de infección por VIH, siendo los argentinos los que identifican mayor riesgo que los españoles (p≤.001). No existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el temor percibido (p = .408). Los jóvenes de ambos países atribuyen mayor riesgo de infección al colectivo de drogodependientes, seguido de los heterosexuales y homosexuales. No obstante, los españoles atribuyen mayor probabilidad de infección a los drogodependientes (p≤.001) comparados con los argentinos. Al contrario, los argentinos atribuyen más riesgo a los heterosexuales (p≤.001) y homosexuales (p≤.001) con respecto a los españoles. Por otra parte, los jóvenes argentinos valoran de forma más elevada el sufrimiento a nivel físico y social que experimenta una persona que vive con VIH (p≤.001). No se encuentran diferencias significativas a nivel estadístico en la solidaridad hacia los enfermos (p = .403). Por último, los jóvenes de ambos países se comportarían igual o apoyarían más si se enterasen que un amigo es portador del VIH (p = .053). La percepción social puede actuar como factor protector o dificultador de la prevención primaria y secundaria y ser un importante factor en la disminución o potenciación del estigma hacia los enfermos.
Cultural context influences on social perception of AIDS. Social factors modulate risk perception of HIV infection and attitudes towards patients. In order to examine cultural differences in social perception of AIDS, 200 Spanish young people (Mage = 20.25; SD = 1.88) and 183 Argentinian young people (Mage = 22.30; SD = 2.89) were evaluated. The Questionnaire of AIDS Prevention, that assesses the main components of preventive theoretical models about HIV, was used. Results show statistically significant differences for perceived probability of HIV infection where Argentinian identify more risk than Spanish do (p≤.001). There are not statistically significant differences for fear perceived (p = .408). Young people in both countries assume more risk of infection for drug addicts, followed by heterosexuals and homosexuals. However, Spanish young people assume more risk of infection for drug addicts (p≤.001) compared to Argentinian young people do. Contrarily, Argentinian young people assume more risk for heterosexuals (p≤.001) and homosexuals (p≤.001) compared to Spanish young people do. In addition, Argentinian young people estimate higher physical and social suffering in seropositive people (p≤.001). There are not statistically significant differences for solidarity towards patients (p = .403). Finally, young people in each country report that they would maintain their behaviour or increase their support if they discovered a friend’s HIV infection (p = .053). Social perception may be a protective or inconvenient factor for primary and secondary prevention, as well as an important factor to diminish or increase patients’ stigma.Cultural context influences on social perception of AIDS. Social factors modulate risk perception of HIV infection and attitudes towards patients. In order to examine cultural differences in social perception of AIDS, 200 Spanish young people (Mage = 20.25; SD = 1.88) and 183 Argentinian young people (Mage = 22.30; SD = 2.89) were evaluated. The Questionnaire of AIDS Prevention, that assesses the main components of preventive theoretical models about HIV, was used. Results show statistically significant differences for perceived probability of HIV infection where Argentinian identify more risk than Spanish do (p≤.001). There are not statistically significant differences for fear perceived (p = .408). Young people in both countries assume more risk of infection for drug addicts, followed by heterosexuals and homosexuals. However, Spanish young people assume more risk of infection for drug addicts (p≤.001) compared to Argentinian young people do. Contrarily, Argentinian young people assume more risk for heterosexuals (p≤.001) and homosexuals (p≤.001) compared to Spanish young people do. In addition, Argentinian young people estimate higher physical and social suffering in seropositive people (p≤.001). There are not statistically significant differences for solidarity towards patients (p = .403). Finally, young people in each country report that they would maintain their behaviour or increase their support if they discovered a friend’s HIV infection (p = .053). Social perception may be a protective or inconvenient factor for primary and secondary prevention, as well as an important factor to diminish or increase patients’ stigma.
