Acceso usuarios
Pablo Aparicio Ruiz, Luis Onieva Giménez, Alejandro Escudero Santana, Jesús Muñuzuri Sanz
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la aplicabilidad del confort adaptativo a edificios escolares en el sur de España. Se busca comprender mejor la percepción del confort térmico, encontrar las posibilidades de ahorro energético y analizar las características de los estudios en los escolares y sus aptitudes conductuales relacionadas. Además, se propone la metodología más idónea y los tamaños de las muestras de los estudios hasta ahora desarrollados, para definir el desarrollo de un estudio de confort adaptativo para edificios escolares en Andalucía, estos estudios están dirigidos a conseguir alcanzar el máximo confort posible junto al ahorro energético.Palabras clave: Confort adaptativo; eficiencia energética; confort térmico; colegios; preferencia térmica.
The objective of this document is to review the literature on thermal comfort in schoolchildren, to analyse the applicability to develop a project aimed at achieving maximum comfort possible along with energy savings. First, a general description of adaptive comfort is presented. In second place, a review of previous studies in schoolchildren. In general, from the previous studies, it is possible to emphasize the existence of studies in different typology: buildings with natural ventilation (VN), buildings in hybrid or mixed mode is a combination of natural ventila-tion (VN) where manual or automatic controlled operable windows or passive inlet vents are applied, and me-chanical HVAC systems that provide distribution of air and some form of cooling. These buildings allow spaces to be ventilated naturally when feasible or desirable and use HVAC for additional cooling when the VN is not sufficient. This mode of operation minimizes the significant use of energy and the operating costs of the air conditioning. Although the previous studies, do not coincide in the number of surveys, students or centres to study, if a coincidence is observed in the physical parameters, where it is a common use of air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, in some cases the concentration of CO2 is included. The peri-ods of analysis of the studies are usually shorter periods of study, generally, no more than 15 days per season and no more than two surveys per day. The carrying out of surveys to the students is usually carried out with questionnaires in the paper, these questionnaires are usually developed with a design based on the age of the students. In previous studies discrepancies in comfort have been observed by sex, with respect to adults, and in the range according to location and climatic characteristics, etc. Third, an applicability analysis is presented to the city of Seville in the south of Spain, after the climate study it is concluded that Seville has cold and humid periods, and hot, dry summers that make it necessary to develop adaptive comfort algorithms. Finally, a methodology proposal based on four phases is presented. The first, an experimental field study of the operation of the building. Second, an analysis of data and development of the building comfort law based on questionnaires made to students. Third, a second experimental field study applying the adaptive comfort law (in ventilation or air conditioning), and finally a phase of analysis of the savings and improvement of comfort as-sociated with the building after both campaigns. Finally, the conclusions are presented, it is emphasized that there are few studies that perform an annual analy-sis with periodic measurements of 10 to 30 min. and with daily comfort surveys. The application of adaptive comfort in buildings is clearly justified. Especially in climates with high temperatures. Equally, there are few comfort studies in schools with VN + HVAC and decision systems are required for their application in school buildings.Keywords: adaptive comfort; energy efficiency; thermal comfort; schools; thermal preference.
