¿Quién cuida del cuidador?: tratamiento para familiares de personas con trastornos alimentarios y trastornos de personalidad

• Autores: Verónica Guillén Botella, José Heliodoro Marco Salvador, Mercedes Jorquera Rodero, Laura Badenes Ribera, María Roncero Sanchís, Rosa María Baños Rivera
• Localización: Informació psicològica, ISSN 0214-347X, Nº. 116 (Julio-diciembre: Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria), 2018, págs. 65-78
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Who cares for the caregiver?: treatment for family members of people with eating disorders and personality disorders
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Los familiares de pacientes con trastornos alimentarios (TA) experimentan frecuentemente un elevado sufrimiento, ansiedad, e impotencia. Si, además del TA, el paciente padece trastorno de la personalidad (TP), el agotamiento emocional puede ser devastador. Sin embargo, no se ha descrito ningún tratamiento para aliviar el impacto en familiares de pacientes con ambos trastornos. El objetivo fue analizar la eficacia de un programa de tratamiento basado en estrategias de psicoeducación y resolución de problemas para familiares de pacientes con TA comórbidos con un TP. Método: Participaron 115 familiares (62.6% mujeres) de los cuales la mayoría eran madres (56.5%), seguidos de padres (28.7%), parejas/maridos (7%), hermanos (5.2%) y tíos (2.6%). Los participantes completaron la Escala de Zarit y la Escala General de Autoeficacia (EGA) antes y después del tratamiento. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la subescala Persistencia (EGA), y una tendencia a la mejoría en la Escala de Zarit. Conclusión: Estos resultados sugieren que el tratamiento fue efectivo. Además, los familiares mejoraron significativamente en aspectos clave: la sobrecarga por enfermedad y la persistencia en el cuidado y atención del paciente. Resulta fundamental profundizar en esta línea y analizar qué estrategias de tratamiento puedan resultar de mayor utilidad.

  • English

    Family members of patients with eating disorders (ED) often experience high levels of suffering, anxiety, and helplessness. If, in addition to ED, the patient has a personality disorder (PD), emotional distress can be devastating. However, no treatment has been described to alleviate the impact on family members of patients with both disorders. The objective was to analyze the efficacy of a treatment based on psychoeducation and problem-solving strategies for relatives of patients with comorbid ED with a PD. Methods: seventy-eight family members participated (62.6% women), of which the majority were mothers (56.5%), followed by fathers (28.7%), couples/husbands (7%), brothers (5.2%) and uncles (2.6%). Participants completed the Zarit Scale and the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) before and after treatment. Results: Significant differences were found in the Persistence subscale (GSE), and a trend towards improvement in the Zarit Scale. Conclusion: These results suggest that the treatment was effective. In addition, family members improved significantly in key areas: overwhelm by the disorder and persistence of patient care and attention. It is essential to deepen this line and to analyze which treatment strategies may be most useful.

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