Locura, salud mental y ciudadanía: del individualismo posesivo al neoliberalismo

• Harry Oosterhuis ^[1]
  1. [1] Maastricht University

     Maastricht University

     Países Bajos

     
• Localización: Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, ISSN 0211-5735, Vol. 38, Nº. 134, 2018, págs. 515-545
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Madness, mental health and citizenship: from possessive individualism to neoliberalism
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Desde que apareció como rama de la medicina en la estela de la Ilustración y la Revolución Francesa, la psiquiatría ha experimentado importantes transformaciones en el marco de diferentes cambios socioeconómicos y políticos ocurridos en las sociedades occidentales. En este contexto más amplio, puede observarse una tensión recurrente entre el interés del individuo y el del cuerpo social en su conjunto. Esta fricción está íntimamente relacionada con una serie de dinámicas contrapuestas que han marcado el desarrollo de la psiquiatría y la atención a la salud mental: humanización versus disciplina, emancipación versus coerción, inclusión versus exclusión y ciudadanía democrática versus sometimiento político. Este artículo aporta un análisis conceptual y una panorámica histórica de las ambivalentes relaciones entre la psiquiatría y la atención a la salud mental, por un lado, y la política, más en concreto, el desarrollo de la noción moderna de ciudadanía, por otro.

  • English

    Since its emergence as a branch of medicine in the wake of the Enlightenment and French Revolution, psychiatry has experienced significant transformations against the background of different socio-economic and political changes in Western societies. In this wider context we see a recurring tension between the interest of the individual and that of the social body as a whole. This friction is closely related to opposing dynamics in psychiatry and mental health care: humanisation versus disciplining, emancipation versus coercion, inclusion versus exclusion, and democratic citizenship versus political subjection.

    This article provides a conceptual analysis and an historical overview on the ambivalent relations between on the one hand psychiatry and mental health care and on the other politics, and, more particularly, the development of the modern understanding of citizenship.

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