La Historiografía en la Institucionalización de la Psicología Académica. Estados Unidos, 1890–1989

• Autores: Catriel Fierro
• Localización: Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, ISSN 1414-9893, ISSN-e 1982-3703, Vol. 38, Nº. 2, 2018, págs. 196-217
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003872017
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Historiografia na Institucionalização da Psicologia Acadêmica. Estados Unidos, 1890–1989
  • Historiography Amidst the Institutionalization of Academic Psychology. United States, 1890–1989
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Resumen Los cursos de historia de la Psicología datan de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Para comprender las características de los mismos debe reconocerse el particular ambiente intelectual y socio-profesional en que dichas asignaturas proliferaron. Si asumimos una perspectiva social o socio-profesional de la historia de la ciencia psicológica, Estados Unidos cobra rápidamente relieve como la cuna de la Psicología moderna. Considerando esto, este trabajo se centra en la faz pedagógica o propedéutica de la historiografía: es decir, su transmutación, inserción y secuenciación como contenido curricular en las instituciones y modalidades de formación oficial académica de los psicólogos. Con el objetivo de analizar los cambios de dichos cursos a lo largo del siglo XX y focalizando en Estados Unidos, se ofrece una periodización de la historia de tales asignaturas en sus vínculos y relaciones con el desarrollo e institucionalización de la Psicología académica y con la producción historiográfica de dicho país. El relevamiento y análisis de fuentes arrojaría un conjunto de tres períodos: uno inicial (1890–1929) marcado por la tensión historiográfica y curricular entre la legitimación filosófica de la Psicología y su refinamiento científico, uno posterior (1929–1960) caracterizado por la aparición de manuales y obras históricas enraizadas en el proyecto positivista y experimentalista de la Psicología y un incipiente apoyo oficial a la implementación de asignaturas históricas en currículos psicológicos, y un período final (1960–1989) de profesionalización de la propia historiografía, con apoyo oficial sistemático a la enseñanza de la historia y debates y tensiones a nivel de la sub-disciplina.

  • English

    Abstract The appearance of undergraduate history of psychology courses goes back to the first decades of the twentieth century. To understand their characteristics, one must recognize the particular intellectual and socio-professional environment in which these courses proliferated. If we assume a social or socio-professional perspective on the history of psychological science, the United States then becomes the cradle of modern psychology. This work focuses on the pedagogical or propaedeutic side of historiography: that is, its transmutation, insertion and use of historiography as a curricular content within official institutions and modes of psychologists’ formal academic education. With the aim of analyzing these courses’ changes throughout the twentieth century in the United States, we offer a periodization of the history of such courses, linking them with the development and institutionalization of academic psychology and with North-American historiography of psychology. Sources’ retrieval and analysis would yield a set of three periods: an initial period (1890–1929) marked by a historiographical and curricular tension between the philosophical legitimation of psychology and its scientific refinement, a second period (1929–1960) characterized by the appearance of historical textbooks, manuals and works rooted in the positivist and experimentalist project of psychology and by an incipient official support on the implementation of historical courses in psychology curricula, and a final period (1960–1989) marked by the professionalization of psychological historiography, by systematic, official support to undergraduate historical education, and by debates and tensions at a sub-disciplinary level.

  • português

    Resumo Os cursos de história da Psicologia datam das primeiras décadas do século passado. Para compreender as suas características, deve-se reconhecer o ambiente intelectual e socioprofissional particular em que esses assuntos proliferaram. Se assumimos uma perspectiva social ou socioprofissional da história da ciência psicológica, os Estados Unidos rapidamente se tornam o berço da psicologia moderna. Considerando isso, este trabalho centra-se na face pedagógica ou propedêutica da historiografia: isto é, sua transmutação, inserção e sequenciamento como conteúdo curricular nas instituições e modalidades de formação acadêmica formal de psicólogos. Com o objetivo de analisar as mudanças desses cursos ao longo do século XX concentrados nos Estados Unidos, oferecemos uma periodização da história de tais assuntos em seus vínculos e relacionamentos com o desenvolvimento e institucionalização da Psicologia e produção acadêmica historiografia desse país. A pesquisa e análise de fontes renderia um conjunto de três períodos: um inicial (1890–1929), marcado pela tensão historiográfica e curricular entre a legitimidade filosófica da psicologia e seu refinamento científico, um posterior (1929–1960), caracterizado pela aparência de manuais e trabalhos históricos enraizados no projeto positivista e experimentalista de Psicologia e um apoio oficial incipiente à implementação de temas históricos em currículos psicológicos e um período final (1960–1989) de profissionalização da própria historiografia, com apoio oficial sistemático para o ensino da história, debates e tensões ao nível da subdisciplina.

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