Relación entre clase social subjetiva y autoeficacia: efecto de la comparación social

• Autores: Angélica Quiroga Garza, Efraín García Sánchez, Francisco A. Treviño, Guillermo Byrd Willis Sánchez
• Localización: Anales de psicología, ISSN-e 1695-2294, ISSN 0212-9728, Vol. 34, Nº. 2, 2018, págs. 314-323
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.6018/analesps.34.2.266611
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Relation between subjective social class and self-efficacy: effect of social comparison
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• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Socioeconomic class is a relevant variable with regard to the process of social hierarchization; specifically, subjective social class (SSC) has been found to correlate positively with the self-efficacy of persons. In the present study, with mixed methodology and a population size of 280 participants, we attempted to replicate these results by operationalizing SSC in the two following manners: (a) through experimental manipulation --randomly requesting that participants compare themselves with those who are above or below them in a social hierarchy scale-- and (b) through measuring SSC as individual difference. The results show no effects due to experimental manipulation, but do support that SSC, measured as individual difference, positively correlates with general self-efficacy. Regarding qualitative analysis, when the participant’s descriptions of common characteristics in members of the upper and lower class were studied, we found that situational characteristics predominated (over dispositional characteristics), but with greater positive valence when describing the upper class.

    We conclude that SSC is an important factor in self-efficacy and that it moderates effects of social comparison.

  • English

    La clase socioeconómica es una variable relevante en el proceso de jerarquización social. Se ha encontrado que la clase social subjetiva (CSS) se relaciona positivamente con la autoeficacia de las personas. En la presente investigación, de tipo mixto y realizada con 380 participantes, se intentó replicar estos resultados operacionalizando la CSS de dos formas:

    a) a través de una manipulación experimental —pidiéndole aleatoriamente a los participantes que se compararan con quienes quedaron abajo o arriba de ellos en una escala de jerarquía social— y b) a través de la medición de la CSS como diferencia individual. Los resultados no mostraron efectos de la manipulación experimental, pero si evidenciaron que la CSS, medida como diferencia individual, se relaciona positivamente con la autoeficacia general. Asimismo, y a nivel cualitativo, se analizaron las descripciones que los participantes hicieron sobre las características de las personas de clase alta y baja, encontrando que en ambos casos prevalecen características de tipo situacional (frente a características disposicionales), pero con una mayor valencia positiva en los de clase alta. Se concluye que la CSS es un factor importante en la autoeficacia y modera los efectos de la comparación social

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