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Rosalinda Guadarrama Guadarrama, Julio César Hernández Navor, Marcela Veytia López
En las diferentes épocas y sociedades de la historia humana se han establecido diferentes cánones de belleza que deben ser alcanzados, fomentando una mayor preocupación por la imagen corporal (IC). El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar la IC que perciben (IC percibida) y la que les gustaría tener (IC deseada) en una muestra de adolescentes de México. Participaron 635 estudiantes de preparatoria entre 15 y 16 años (367 mujeres y 268 hombres) de la ciudad de Toluca, Estado de México, en México. Se evaluó la IC percibida y su IC deseada de los participantes mediante siluetas corporales y autoinforme en el momento de la evaluación. Los resultados indican que existe una discrepancia entre la IC percibida y la IC deseada en este colectivo. Esta discrepancia fue mayor en las mujeres (d = .53) con respecto a los hombres (d = .45), lo que sugiere que ellas podrían estar más insatisfechas con su IC que ellos. Además se observaron discrepancias entre la IC percibida y deseada de algunas partes del cuerpo. Las mujeres mostraron discrepancia entre la cintura y estómago percibidos y los que quisieran tener (d = .55). Sin embargo, los hombres difirieron en su constitución corporal (d = .55) y en los glúteos (d = .54). Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de realizar actividades de reeducación con los adolescentes para promover su salud física y mental.
“How do I perceive myself and how I would like to be”: A study on the body image of Mexican adolescents. In the different times and societies of human history different images of beauty have been established that must be attained, fostering a greater preoccupation with body image (BI). The objective of the present research was to compare the BI that are perceived by adolescents (perceived BI) and which they would like to have (desired BI) in a sample of adolescents in Mexico. A total of 635 high school students aged 15-16 (367 were women and 268 were men) participated from the city of Toluca, State of Mexico, in Mexico. Participants’ perceived BI and desired BI were evaluated by silhouettes test and other self-report measures at the time of the evaluation. The results indicated that there is a discrepancy between the perceived BI and the desired BI in this population.
This discrepancy was greater in women (d = .53) compared to males (d = .45), which suggest that females may feel more dissatisfied with their BI than men are. In addition, there were discrepancies between the perceived and desired BI of some parts of the body. Women showed discrepancy between the waist and stomach that they perceive and those that they wished to have (d = .55). Nevertheless, discrepancies in men were in their body constitution (d = .55) and in the buttocks (d = .54). These results suggest the need to perform re-education activities to promote adolescents’ physical and mental health.
