Crisis económica, salud y bienestar en trabajadores con discapacidad

• Carlos-María Alcover ^[1] ; Fernando Rodríguez ^[1] ; Yolanda Pastor ^[1] ; Juan José Fernández ^[1] ; Maria José Chambel ^[2]
  1. [1] Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

     Universidad Rey Juan Carlos

     Madrid, España

     
  2. [2] Universidade de Lisboa

     Universidade de Lisboa

     Socorro, Portugal

     
• Localización: Revista de psicología del trabajo y de las organizaciones = Journal of work and organizational psychology, ISSN 1576-5962, Vol. 33, Nº 2, 2017, págs. 147-155
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rpto.2017.05.001
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Economic downturn, health, and well-being in workers with disabilities
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 7 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las consecuencias del deterioro de las condiciones de trabajo como resultado de la crisis o recesión económica sobre la salud, el bienestar, la percepción y las actitudes laborales en trabajadores con discapacidad. Para ello se utilizó una muestra de 31 trabajadores con discapacidad en empleo ordinario (no protegido) con medidas tomadas en 2013 y 2014. Tras identificar indicadores objetivos y valoraciones de expertos acerca de las condiciones de trabajo de estos trabajadores, se analizaron sus relaciones con las variables percepción de apoyo organizacional, apoyo de los supervisores y compañeros, satisfacción laboral, intención de abandono, estrés percibido, burnout y satisfacción vital. Los análisis, paramétricos y no paramétricos, señalan que estas variables son sensibles, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, a las peores condiciones de trabajo percibidas en 2014 con respecto a 2013. Se discuten las consecuencias de estos resultados en relación con los efectos de la crisis económica en la calidad de vida laboral de las personas con discapacidad y en el incremento de la discriminación hacia ellas.

  • English

    This study's aim is to analyze the consequences of the deterioration of working conditions caused by the economic downturn on occupational health, well-being, perceptions, and job attitudes in workers with disabilities. A sample of 31 workers with disabilities in ordinary firms (i.e., not in protégé employment organizations) was used, with repeated measures being taken in 2013 and 2014. After identifying objective indicators and expert assessments of these workers’ working conditions, we tested these workers’ relationships with perceived organizational support, supervisors and coworker support, job satisfaction, intention to quit, perceived stress, burnout, and life satisfaction. Parametric and non-parametric analyses indicate that these variables are sensitive, with statistically significant differences, to the worse working conditions perceived in 2014 compared to 2013. The consequences of these results are discussed in relation to the effects of the economic downturn on the quality of working life of people with disabilities, and on the increase of discrimination towards them.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Alcover, C.M., Martínez, D., Zambrano, Z., Efectos de las oportunidades de incorporación al mercado laboral sobre el desarrollo del contrato...
  • Alcover, C., Pérez, V., Trabajadores con discapacidad: problemas, retos y principios de actuación en salud ocupacional. Revista de Medicina...
  • Arnoux-Nicolas, C., Sovet, L., Lhotellier, L., Di Fabio, A., Bernaud, J.-L., Perceived work conditions and turnover intentions: The mediating...
  • Atienza, F.L., Pons, D., Balaguer, I., García Merita, M.L., Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adolescentes....
  • Baldridge, D.C., Swift, M.L., Withholding requests for disability accommodation: The role of individual differences and disability attributes....
  • Bartoll, X., Palència, L., Malmusi, D., Suhrcke, M., Borrell, C., The evolution of mental health in Spain during the economic crisis. European...
  • Baumberg, B., Fit-for-work – or work fit for disabled people? The role of changing job demands and control in incapacity claims. Journal of...
  • Benavides, F.G., Gimeno, D., Benach, J., Martínez, J.M., Jarque, S., Berra, A., Devesa, J., Descripción de los factores de riesgo psicosocial...
  • Bültmann, U., Brouwer, S., Individual-level psychosocial factors and work disability prevention. Loisel, P., Anema, J.R., (eds.) Handbook...
  • Burgard, S.A., Lin, K.Y., Bad jobs, bad health? How work and working conditions contribute to health disparities. American Behavioral Scientist...
  • Byrne, Z.S., Hochwarter, W.A., I get by with a little help from my friends: The interaction of chronic pain and organizational support on...
  • Cohen, S., Kamarch, T., Mermelstein, R., A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior 24 (1983), 385–396, 10.2307/2136404.
  • Colella, A., Stone, D.L., Workplace discrimination toward persons with disabilities: A call for some new research directions. Dipboye, R.L.,...
  • Demerouti, E., Bakker, A.B., Nachreiner, F., Schaufeli, W.B., The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of. Applied Psychology 86...
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., Griffin, S., The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 49 (1985), 71–75,...
  • Eisenberger, R., Cummings, J., Armeli, S., Lynch, P., Perceived organizational support, discretionary treatment, and job satisfaction. Journal...
  • Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Huntington, S., Sowa, D., Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology 71 (1986), 500–507,...
  • Eurofound. Impact of the crisis on working conditions in Europe. 2013, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions,...
  • Ferrando, P.J., Chico, E., Tous, J.M., Propiedades psicométricas del test de optimismo “Life Orientation Test”. Psicothema 14 (2002), 673–680...
  • Florey, A., Harrison, D., Responses to Informal Accommodation Requests from Employees with Disabilities: Multi study Evidence on Willingness...
  • Gili, M., López-Navarro, E., Castro, A., Homar, C., Navarro, C., García-Toro, Roca, M., Gender differences in mental health during the economic...
  • Gili, M., Roca, M., Basu, S., McKee, M., Stuckler, D., The mental health risks of economic crisis in Spain: Evidence from primary care centres,...
  • Goldman, B.M., Gutek, B.A., Stein, J.H., Lewis, K., Employment discrimination in organizations: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management...
  • Griffeth, R.W., Hom, P.W., Gaertner, S., A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and...
  • INE. (2015). El empleo de las personas con discapacidad. Explotación de la encuesta de población activa y de la base estatal de personas con...
  • INE (2017). El salario de las personas con discapacidad 2014. Madrid: INE. Recuperado de http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=estadistica_C&cid=1254736176911&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735976596.
  • Kaye, H.S., The impact of the 2007-09 recession on workers with disabilities. Monthly Labor Review, 2010, October, 19–30 Recuperado de https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2010/10/art2full.pdf.
  • Konrad, A.M., Moore, M.E., Ng, E.S., Doherty, A.J., Breward, K., Temporary work, underemployment and workplace accommodations: Relationship...
  • Kruse, D., Schur, L., Employment of People with Disabilities Following the ADA. Industrial Relations 42 (2003), 31–66, 10.1111/1468-232X.00275.
  • Liu, C., Spector, P.E., Jex, S.M., The relation of job control with job strains: a comparison of multiple data sources. Journal of Occupational...
  • Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E., Leiter, M.P., Maslach Burnout Inventory manual. 3rd ed, 1996, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
  • Meliá, J.L., Peiró, J.M., El Cuestionario de Satisfacción S10/12: Estructura factorial, fiabilidad y validez. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo...
  • Mitchell, T.R., Holtom, B.C., Lee, T.W., Sablynski, C.J., Erez, M., Why people stay. Using job embeddedness to predict voluntary turnover....
  • Moore, M.E., Konrad, A.M., Yang, Y., Ng, E.S.W., Doherty, A.J., The vocational well-being of workers with childhood onset of disability: Life...
  • Moreno-Jiménez, B., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Escobar, E., La evaluación del burnout profesional. Factorialización del MBI-GS- Un análisis preliminar....
  • Mueller, C.W., Price, J.L., Economic, psychological, and sociological determinants of voluntary turnover. Journal of Behavioral Economy 19...
  • Mutkins, E., Brown, R.F., Thorsteinsson, E.B., Stress, depression, workplace and social supports and burnout in intellectual disability support....
  • O'Hara, B., Twice penalized. Employment discrimination against women with disabilities. Journal of Disability Policy Studies 15 (2004),...
  • Observatorio sobre Discapacidad y Mercado de Trabajo en España - Odismet (2014). Informe Cero. La situación de las personas con discapacidad...
  • Ortega, V., Adaptación al castellano de la versión abreviada de la “Survey of Perceived Organizational Support”. Encuentros en Psicología...
  • Pagán-Rodríguez, R., Being under time pressure: The case of workers with disabilities. Social Indicators Research 114 (2013), 831–840, 10.1007/s11205-012-0175-9.
  • Pérez, V., Alcover, C.M., Chambel, M.J., Job attitudes among workers with disabilities: The importance of family support in addition to organizational...
  • Podsakoff, N.P., LePine, J.A., LePine, M.A., Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover...
  • Pomaki, G., Franche, R.-L., Murray, E., Khushrushahi, N., Lampinen, T.M., Workplace-based work disability prevention interventions for workers...
  • Rhoades, L., Eisenberger, R., Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology 87 (2002), 698–714,...
  • Riach, K., Loretto, W., Identity work and the ‘unemployed’ worker: Age, disability and the lived experience of the older unemployed. Work,...
  • Schur, L., Kruse, D., Blanck, P., Corporate culture and the employment of persons with disabilities. Behavioral Sciences and the Law 23 (2005),...
  • Schur, L., Kruse, D., Blasi, J., Blanck, P., Is disability disabling in all workplaces? Workplace disparities and corporate culture. Industrial...
  • Shaw, W.S., Kristman, V.L., Vézina, N., Workplace issues. Loisel, P., Anema, J.R., (eds.) Handbook of Work Disability: Prevention and Management,...
  • Sheldon, A., Recession, radicalism and the road to recovery?. Disability & Society 24 (2009), 667–671, 10.1080/09687590903011139.
  • Siegrist, J., Adverse health effects of high effort - low reward conditions at work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 1 (1996), 27–43,...
  • Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Godin, I., Marmot, M., Niedhammer, I., Peter, R., The measurement of effort–reward imbalance at work:...
  • Snyder, L.A., Carmichael, J.S., Blackwell, L.V., Cleveland, J.N., Thornton, G.C., Perceptions of discrimination and justice among employees...
  • Stansfeld, S., Candy, B., Psychosocial work environment and mental health—a meta-analytic review. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment...
  • Stone, D.L., Colella, A., A Model of factors affecting the treatment of disabled individuals in organizations. Academy of Management Review...
  • Ünal-Karagüven, M.H., Psychological impact of an economic crisis: A Conservation of Resources Approach. International Journal of Stress Management...
  • van Vegchel, N., de Jonge, J., Bosma, H., Schaufeli, W., Reviewing the effort–reward imbalance model: Drawing up the balance of 45 empirical...
  • Wahlbeck, K., McDaid, D., Actions to alleviate the mental health impact of the economic crisis. World Psychiatry 11 (2012), 139–145, 10.1002/j.2051-5545.2012.tb00114.x.
  • Wang, J.L., Adair, C.E., Patten, S.B., Mental health and related disability among workers: A population-based study. American Journal of Industrial...
  • Wilton, R.D., Workers with disabilities and the challenges of emotional labour. Disability & Society 23 (2008), 361–373, 10.1080/09687590802038878.