Impact of stress in childhood: Psychobiological alterations

• María Banqueri ^[1] ; Marta Méndez ^[1] ; Jorge L. Arias ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Oviedo

     Universidad de Oviedo

     Oviedo, España

     
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 29, Nº. 1, 2017, págs. 18-22
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2016.264
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Impacto del estrés en la infancia: alteraciones psicobiológicas
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 1 Cita
• Resumen
  • español

    Antecedentes: un porcentaje realmente elevado de niños en todo el mundo se encuentran expuestos al estrés desde los primeros meses de vida. El objetivo es compendiar e integrar los resultados experimentales relacionados con el estrés temprano crónico ya sea en humanos o en modelos experimentales. Métodos: a través de la revisión bibliográfica intentamos conseguir el objetivo propuesto. Resultados: el estrés temprano supone un desafío para el organismo en desarrollo y da lugar a efectos negativos a medio y largo plazo. Los dominios emocional, cognitivo y conductual se ven comprometidos debido a las alteraciones que se producen en el sistema nervioso, siendo algunas de las más relevantes relacionadas con los principales sistemas de neurotransmisión. Conclusiones: mediante modelos experimentales, se puede abordar el estudio de los cambios estructurales y funcionales a los que da lugar el estrés temprano y de este modo plantearse alternativas de intervención y prevención.

  • English

    Background: An extremely high percentage of children worldwide are exposed to stress from the first months of life. The aim of this review is to bring together the experimental results related to chronic early-life stress in both human and experimental models. Methods: We aimed to achieve our objective via a thorough review of the literature. Results: Early-life stress is a challenge for the developing organism and leads to negative effects in the medium and long term. The emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains are compromised due to alterations produced in the nervous system, with some of the most important being related to the main neurotransmission systems. Conclusions: By using experimental models, it is possible to address the study of the structural and functional changes resulting from early-life stress and, thus, plan intervention and prevention alternatives.

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