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Argentina
Cada año nacen a nivel mundial alrededor de 15 millones de niños anticipadamente y dicha tasa de nacimientos prematuros sigue en aumento. De estos infantes, un millón muere a causa de secuelas relacionadas con su temprana llegada al mundo. A partir de la experiencia en Psicología Perinatal en tres hospitales de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y el Gran Buenos Aires, se observaron ciertos cuestionamientos de los padres de niños que se encuentran internados debido a su prematuridad en servicios de Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN).
Por este motivo el objetivo del trabajo realizado fue elaborar una Guía para padres de bebés nacidos prematuros que permita una correcta y rápida comprensión del ámbito de internación además de las situaciones por las que podría atravesar un niño nacido prematuro. Se utilizaron para este fin textos y cuadros. A su vez se trabajó acerca de los equipos empleados, el personal de salud que lo atenderá, el contacto con el niño, la lactancia, las experiencias de otros padres, páginas y redes sociales relacionadas con la temática y los derechos del niño prematuro según UNICEF. Se incluyen también, algunas sugerencias y fuentes bibliográficas. Esta guía pretende colaborar en el empoderamiento de los padres con niños internados en UCIN. En futuros estudios se podría evaluar el impacto de la misma en los padres y en los servicios de salud.
Each year are born prematurely 15 million babies worldwide and premature birth rates continue to rise. One million children die from complications from his prematurity and many survivors face a life with sequels. Prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal death and the second cause of deaths in children under five. In a report by March of Dimes is a need to addres surgent measures to deal with the millions of children born premature each year and ensure that all professionals can have an important role to make these measures. So working in the written information provided to relatives of patients admitted in NICU can be one of many possible ways to work on this goal. It is understood by premature baby, every infant born before 37 weeks gestational age. There are classifications of children born prematurely, Unicef puts based on gestational age: Between 36 and 31 weeks referred to Moderate Prematurity, between 30 and 28 weeks, Prematurity Extreme and when the birth occurs before 28 weeks, It is considered very extreme. Through experience in Perinatal Psychology in different institutions with hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires and Gran Buenos Aires, we have noted certain issues and characteristics particular to the parents of children hospitalized in NICU due to their premature birth. The aim of this work was to create a guidefor parents experiencing the hospital izationoftheir children in NICU that permits rapid and com -prehensive consultation for those un familiar withpsychological-medical termino logy. Compre hen -sion is enriched by the addition of images andtables allowing cross-reference. This guide is intended to assist in empowering parents with children in NICU. This paper tries to give an idea that allows to remove the stigma of prematurity and take the child as a person who exceeds its prematurity. The issues dealt with in the guide are generally expressed through questions and corresponding answers: What does it mean that my baby has been born prematurely? What situations can my child experience during his/her hospitalization for premature birth and how is he/she assisted? What role do I play as mother or father in the neonatal unit? What care can I give as mother or father to my baby during his / her hospitalization? What signs does my baby present when they feel un comfortable or in pain? How can I comfort my baby? What is the experience of breastfeeding for a baby born prematurely? Can other family members visit my baby while he / she is hospitalized in the NICU? Is there a parents' group? What examinations will my child need after being discharged? Other informative items are added to help parents realize they are not the only ones,such as UNICEF's Rights of the Premature Child, experiences and feelings of mothers and fathers of babies born pre maturely, the sense of personal experience, recommendations, sites of interest on the internet (web and social networks) and bibliographical references. We stress the use of the phrase child / baby born prematurely and not just premature, to highlight that this child is a person who goes beyond the circumstance of having been born prematurely. This helps the parents to think of the situation as related to an experience in the life of their child and in their lives, rather than a constant in time, thus aiming to avoid future stigmatization, anxiety and over -protection. In future studies could evaluate the impact of this guide on parents and health services.
