Educación positiva: Educando para el éxito académico y para la vida plena

• Alejandro Adler ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Pennsylvania (USA)
• Localización: Papeles del psicólogo, ISSN-e 1886-1415, ISSN 0214-7823, Vol. 38, Nº. 1, 2017 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Psicología positiva aplicada: Clínica y educación), págs. 50-57
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.23923/pap.psicol2017.2821
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 16 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La educación tradicional se ha centrado en transmitir las herramientas necesarias para el éxito académico y profesional del indivi-duo, y el progreso del alumno se mide de acuerdo con su desempeño dentro de este paradigma limitado del éxito. Varias décadas de investigación rigurosa internacional nos han demostrado que existen herramientas para generar los elementos del bienestar, y que estas se pueden enseñar y aprender. Más aún, estas herramientas se deben enseñar, ya que el bienestar tiene valor intrínseco (el ser humano innatamente desea la felicidad) y valor instrumental (la felicidad genera beneficios como salud física, éxito profesional y per-sonal, mejores relaciones con otros, y menor violencia y consumo de drogas entre adolescentes, entre otros). Utilizando métodos del máximo rigor científico, la educación positiva enseña las herramientas y el conocimiento que el individuo necesita para tener una vi-da académica y profesional exitosa, así como para florecer como ser humano y tener una vida plena.

  • English

    Traditional education has focused on giving individuals the tools to succeed academically and professionally, and students’ progress has been measured according to their performance within this limited paradigm of success. Various decades of rigorous international research have shown that skills exist for building the elements of well-being, and that these can be taught and learned. Furthermore, these skills should be taught, since well-being has both intrinsic value (human beings innately desire happiness) as well as instrumental value (well-being generates desirable life outcomes, including physical health, professional and academic success, better relationships with others, and less violence and drug consumption, among others). Based on the most rigorous scientific research, positive education teaches the skills and knowledge that individuals need in order to have successful academic and professional lives, as well as to flourish as human beings and live a fulfilling life.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Adler, A., Unanue, W., Osin, E., Ricard, M., Alkire, S. y Seligman, MEP. (2013). Chapter 6: Psychological well-being. In Report on Wellbeing...
  • Bogg, T. y Roberts, B.W. (2004). Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: A meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to...
  • Bolte, A., Goschke, T. y Kuhl, J. (2003). Emotion and intuition: effects of positive and negative mood on implicit judgments of semantic coherence....
  • Brunwasser, S.M. y Gillham, J.E. (2008). A meta-analytic review of the Penn Resiliency Programme. Paper presented at the Society for Prevention...
  • Dambrun, M. y Ricard, M. (2011). Self-centeredness and selflessness: A theory of self-based psychological functioning and its consequences...
  • Diener, E.y Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). Beyond money: Toward an economy of well-being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5, 1–31.
  • Diener, E., Nickerson, C., Lucas, R.E. y Sandvik, E. (2002). Dispositional affect and job outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 59, 229–259.
  • Diener, E., Scollon, C.N. y Lucas, R.E. (2003). The evolving concept of subjective well-being: The multifaceted nature of happiness. En P.T....
  • Duckworth, A.L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M.D. y Kelly, D.R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality...
  • Estrada, C.A., Isen, A.M. y Young, M.J. (1994). Positive affect improves creative problem solving and influences reported source of practice...
  • Everly, J. G. S. y Lating, J. M. (2013). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress response. New York: Springer.
  • Forgeard, M.J.C., Jayawickreme, E., Kern, M.L. y Seligman, M.E.P. (2011). Doing the right thing: Measuring well-being for public policy. International...
  • Fredrickson, B. L., Cohn, M. A., Coffey, K. A., Pek, J. y Finkel, S. M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: positive emotions, induced through...
  • Fredrickson, B.L. y Branigan, C. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires’, Cognition &...
  • Fredrickson, B.L. (1998). What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychiatry, 2, 300–319.
  • Froh, J.J., Yurkewicz, C. y Kashdan, T.B. (2009). Gratitude and subjective well-being in early adolescence: Examining gender differences....
  • Fry, P.S. y Debats, D.L. (2009). Perfectionism and the five-factor personality traits as predictors of mortality in older adults. Journal...
  • Gillham, J.E., Brunwasser, S.M. y Freres, D.R. (2007). Preventing depression early in adolescence: the Penn Resiliency Program. En J.R.Z....
  • Hamre, B.K. y Pianta, R.C. (2001). Early teacher-child relationships and the trajectory of children’s school outcomes through eighth grade....
  • Howell, R., Kern, M.L. y Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). Health benefits: Meta-analytically determining the impact of well-being on objective health...
  • Hoyt, L.T., Chase-Lansdale, P.L., McDade, T.W. y Adam, E.K. (2012). Positive youth, healthy adults: Does positive wellbeing in adolescence...
  • Inglehart, R., Foa, R., Peterson, C. y Welzel, C. (2007). Development, freedom, and rising happiness: a global perspective. Perspectives on...
  • Isen, A.M., Daubman, K.A. y Nowicki, G.P. (1987). Positive affect facilitates creative problem solving. Journal of Personality and Social...
  • Isen, A.M., Rosenzweig, A.S. y Young, M.J. (1991). The influence of positive affect on clinical problem solving. Medical Decision Making,...
  • Johnson, K.J. y Fredrickson, B.L. (2005). We all look the same to me: positive emotions eliminate the own-race bias in face recognition. Psychological...
  • Kahneman, D. y Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy...
  • Kaufman, M. (2005). Interviewof Richard Davidson. In the Washington Post.
  • Kerényi, A. (2011). The Better Life Index of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. Public Finance Quarterly, 56, 518-538.
  • Kern, M.L., y Friedman, H.S. (2008). Do conscientious individuals live longer? A quantitative review. Health Psychology, 27, 505-512.
  • Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E., y Steinberg, L. (2014). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Kok, B.E., y Fredrickson, B.L. (2010). Upward spirals of the heart: Autonomic flexibility, as indexed by vagal tone, reciprocally and prospectively...
  • Kuhl, J. (1983). Emotion, cognition, and motivation: II. The functional significance of emotions in perception, memory, problem-solving, and...
  • Kuhl, J. (2000). A functional-design approach to motivation and self-regulation: the dynamics of personality systems interactions. En M. Boekaerts,...
  • Lewinsohn, P.M., Rohde, P., Seeley, J.R., y Fischer, S.A. (1993) Age-cohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental...
  • Lutz, A., Greischar, L.L., Rawlings, N.B., Ricard, M., y Davidson, R.J. (2004). Long-term meditators self-induce high-ampli tude gamma synchrony...
  • Lyubomirsky, S., King, L.A., y Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological...
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). The how of happiness: A new approach to getting the life you want. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin.
  • Myers, D.G. (2000). The American Paradox: Spiritual Hunger in an Age of Plenty. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Peterson, C. y Seligman, M.E.P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: a handbook and classification. New York: Oxford University Press...
  • Pressman, S.D., Cohen, S. (2005). Does positive affect influence health? Psychological Bullerin, 131, 925-971.
  • Roberts, B.W., Kuncel, N.R., Shiner, R., Caspi, A., y Goldberg, L.R. (2007). The power of personality: The comparative validity of personality...
  • Rowe, G., Hirsh, J.B., Anderson, A.K., y Smith, E.E. (2007). Positive affect increases the breadth of attentional selection. PNAS Proceedings...
  • Ryff, C.D. y Keyes, C.L.M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69,...
  • Salovey, P., Rothman, A.J., Detweiler, J.B., y Steward, W.T. (2000). Emotional states and physical health. American Psychologist, 55, 110-121.
  • Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J.C., Dziurzynski, L., Kern M.L., Seligman, EP., Ungar, L.H., Blanco, E., Kosinski, M., y Stillwell, D. (Toward...
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness: using the new positive psychology to realize your potential for lasting fulfillment. New York:...
  • Seligman, M.E.P., Ernst, R.M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., y Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions....
  • Shen, B.J., McCreary, C.P., y Myers, H.F. (2004). Independent and mediated contributions of personality, coping, social support, and depressive...
  • Steinberg, L. (2012) Live teleconference with Adelaide Thinkers in Residence. 12 February, 2012.
  • Watson, D., Clark, L.A. y Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales....
  • Weissman, M.M. (1987). Advances in psychiatric epidemiology: rates and risks for major depression, American Journal of Public Health, 77,...
  • Wickramaratne, P.J., Weissman, M.M., Leaf, P.J. y Holford, T.R. (1989). Age, period and cohort effects on the risk of major depression: results...