Burnout subtypes and their clinical implications: A theoretical proposal for specific therapeutic approaches

• Jesús Montero-Marín ^[1] ; Javier Prado-Abril ^[5] ; Marcelo M. P. Demarzo ^[2] ; Mauro García-Toro ^[3] ; Javier García-Campayo ^[4]
  1. [1] Universidad de Zaragoza

     Universidad de Zaragoza

     Zaragoza, España

     
  2. [2] Universidade Federal de São Paulo

     Universidade Federal de São Paulo

     Brasil

     
  3. [3] Universitat de les Illes Balears

     Universitat de les Illes Balears

     Palma de Mallorca, España

     
  4. [4] Hospital Miguel Servet

     Hospital Miguel Servet

     Zaragoza, España

     
  5. [5] Red de Investigación en Actividades Preventivas y Promoción de la Salud, Barcelona

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• Localización: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica, ISSN 1136-5420, Vol. 21, Nº. 3, 2016, págs. 231-242
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.5944/rppc.vol.21.num.3.2016.15686
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Subtipos de burnout e implicaciones clínicas: Una propuesta teórica basada en abordajes terapéuticos específicos
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El burnout se asocia con un peor estatus de salud percibida, trastornos psicosomáticos y enfermedades físicas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es articular una propuesta teórica comprehensiva de intervención terapéutica sensible a las diferen­tes manifestaciones clínicas de dicho estado. Para ello, se presentan de forma sistemática los subtipos de burnout frenético, sin-desafíos y desgastado, así como las intervenciones que pueden proporcionar un adecuado manejo de cada subtipo. Dichos perfiles clínicos parecen representar momentos diferentes en la progresión del burnout, con mecanismos disfuncionales especí­ficos, que obligan a optar por estrategias de intervención ajustadas a las características de cada caso en particular. Finalmente, se propone el grado de dedicación en el trabajo, y sus repercusiones clínicas, como hipótesis para explicar la progresiva erosión que supone el burnout, y como eje sobre el que fundamentar las estrategias de prevención primaria, secundaria y terciaria.

  • English

    Burnout is associated with a poor perception of health status, psychosomatic disorders and physical illness. The aim of this study is to construct a comprehensive theoretical proposal for a therapeutic intervention that is sensitive to the different clinical manifestations of this state. In order to do this, the frenetic, under-challenged and worn-out subtypes of burnout are presented in a systematic manner, together with the interventions that may provide suitable management for each subtype. Said clinical profiles may represent different stages in the progression of burnout, and have specific dysfunctional mechanisms that require a choice of adjusted intervention strategies according to the characteristics of each particular case. Finally, the degree of dedication to work and its clinical repercussions are put forward as a hypothesis to explain the progressive impairment caused by burnout, and as a target on which primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies could be founded.

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