Development and Feasibility of a Virtual Reality Task for the Cognitive Assessment of Older Adults: The ECO-VR

• Camila R. Oliveira ^[5] ; Brandel José P. Lopes Filho ^[1] ; Michael A. Sugarman ^[2] ; Cristiane S. Esteves ^[1] ; Margarida Maria B. M. P. Lima ^[3] ; Carmen Moret-Tatay ^[4] ; Tatiana Q. Irigara ^[1] ; Irani Iracema L. Argimon ^[1]
  1. [1] Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

     Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul

     Brasil

     
  2. [2] Wayne State University

     Wayne State University

     City of Detroit, Estados Unidos

     
  3. [3] Universidade de Coimbra

     Universidade de Coimbra

     Coimbra (Sé Nova), Portugal

     
  4. [4] Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir

     Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir

     Valencia, España

     
  5. [5] Faculdade Meridional IMED (Brazil)

  Mostrar afiliaciones +
• Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Vol. 19, 2016, 10 págs.
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2016.96
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen

  • Cognitive assessment with virtual reality (VR) may have superior ecological validity for older adults compared to traditional pencil-and-paper cognitive assessment. However, few studies have reported the development of VR tasks. The aim of this study was to present the development, feasibility, content validity, and preliminary evidence of construct validity of an ecological task of cognitive assessment for older adults in VR (ECO-VR). The tasks were prepared based on theoretical and clinical backgrounds. We had 29 non-expert judges identify virtual visual stimuli and three-dimensional scenarios, and five expert judges assisted with content analysis and developing instructions. Finally, six older persons participated in three pilot studies and thirty older persons participated in the preliminary study to identify construct validity evidence. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and partial correlation. Target stimuli and three-dimensional scenarios were judged adequate and the content analysis demonstrated that ECO-VR evaluates temporo-spatial orientation, memory, language and executive functioning. We made significant changes to the instructions after the pilot studies to increase comprehensibility and reduce the completion time. The total score of ECO-VR was positively correlated mainly with performance in executive function (r = .172, p < .05) and memory tests (r = .488, p ≤ .01). The ECO-VR demonstrated feasibility for cognitive assessment in older adults, as well as content and construct validity evidences.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Almeida O. P., & Almeida S. A. (1999). Confiabilidade da versão brasileira da Escala de Depressão em Geriatria (GDS) versão reduzida [Reliability...
  • American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th Ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric...
  • Brunner I., Skouen J. S., Hofstad H., Strand L. I., Becker F., Sanders A. M., … Verheyden G. (2014). Virtual reality training for upper extremity...
  • Burgess P. W., Veitch E., de Lacy Costello A., & Shallice T. (2000). The cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of multitasking. Neuropsychologia,...
  • Canty A. L., Fleming J., Patterson F., Green H. J., Man D., & Shum D. H. K. (2014). Evaluation of a virtual reality prospective memory...
  • Chaves M. L. F., & Izquierdo I. (1992). Differential diagnosis between dementia and depression: A study of efficiency increment. Acta...
  • Climent-Martínez G., Luna-Lario P., Bombín-González I., Cifuentes-Rodríguez A., Tirapu-Ustárroz J., & DíazOrueta U. (2014). Neuropsychological...
  • Cooper H., Camic P. M., Long D. L., Panter A. T., Rindskopf D., & Sher K. J. (2012). APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol....
  • Fagundes A. J. F. M. (1995). Descrição, definição e registro do comportamento [Description, definition and behavior registry]. São Paulo,...
  • Fajnerová I., Rodriguez M., Levčík D., Konrádová L., MikoláÅ¡ P., Brom C., … Horáček J. (2014). A virtual reality task based on animal research...
  • Flynn D., van Schaik P., Blackman T., Femcott C., Hobbs B., & Calderon C. (2003). Developing a virtual reality-based methodology for people...
  • Freeman D., Antley A., Ehlers A., Dunn G., Thompson C., Vorontsova N., … Slater M. (2014). The use of immersive virtual reality (VR) to predict...
  • Grewe P., Lahr D., Kohsik A., Dyck E., Markowitsch H. J., Bien C. G., … Piefke M. (2014). Real-life memory and spatial navigation in patients...
  • Jebara N., Orriols E., Zaoui M., Berthoz A., & Piolino P. (2014). Effects of enactment in episodic memory: A pilot virtual reality study...
  • Jovanovski D., Zakzanis K., Ruttan L., Campbell Z., Erb S., & Nussbaum D. (2012). Ecologically valid assessment of executive dysfunction...
  • Kochhann R., Varela J. S., Lisboa C. S. M., & Chaves M. L. F. (2010). The mini mental state examination review of cutoff points adjusted...
  • Kongs S. K., Thompson L. L., Iverson G. L., & Heaton R. K. (2000). Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 64 card version: Professional manual. Odessa,...
  • Masur J., & Monteiro M. (1983). Validation of the “CAGE” alcoholism screening test in Brazilian psychiatry inpatient hospital setting....
  • Mendez M. F., Joshi A., & Jimenez E. (2015). Virtual reality for the assessment of frontotemporal dementia, a feasibility study. Disability...
  • Morganti F. (2004). Virtual interaction in cognitive neuropsychology. In G. Riva, C. Botella, P. Légeron, &
  • G. Optale (Eds.), Cybertherapy: Internet and virtual reality as assessment and rehabilitation tools for clinical psychology and neuroscience...
  • Plancher G., Tirard A., Gyselinck V., Nicolas S., & Piolino P. (2012). Using virtual reality to characterize episodic memory profiles...
  • Raspelli S., Pallavicini F., Carelli L., Morganti F., Poletti B., Corra B., … Riva G. (2011). Validation of a neuro virtual reality-based...
  • Rey A. (1941). L’examen psychologique dans les cas d’encéphalopathie traumatique [The psychological examination in cases of traumatic encephalopathy]....
  • Riva G., Gaggioli A., Villani D., Preziosa A., Morganti F., Corsi R., … Vezzadini L. (2007). NeuroVR: An open source virtual reality platform...
  • Schultheis M. T., Himelstein J., & Rizzo A. A. (2002). Virtual reality and neuropsychology: Upgrading the current tools. Journal of Head...
  • Tarnanas I., Schlee W., Tsolaki M., Müri R., Mosimann U. P., & Nef T. (2013). Ecological validity of virtual reality daily living activities...
  • Tarnanas I., Tsolaki M., Nef T., Müri R., & Mosimann U. P. (2014). Can a novel computerized cognitive screening test provide additional...
  • Wechsler D. (1997). WMS-III: Wechsler Memory Scale (3rd Ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
  • Weniger G., Ruhleder M., Lange C., Wolf S., & Irle E. (2011). Egocentric and allocentric memory as assessed by virtual reality in individuals...
  • Wilson B. A., Alderman N., Burgess P. W., Emslie H., & Evans J. J. (1996). Behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome. Bury St....
  • Zucchella C., Sinforiani E., Tassorelli C., Cavallini E., Tost-Pardell D., Grau S., … Nappi G. (2014). Serious games for screening pre-dementia...