How Important is Temperament? The Relationship Between Coping Styles, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety

• Autores: Kathleen Mairet, Simon Borg, Wayne Warburton
• Localización: International journal of psychology and psychological therapy, ISSN 1577-7057, Vol. 14, Nº. 2, 2014, págs. 171-189
• Idioma: español
• Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen

  • Young?s Schema Theory provides a theoretical framework that relates temperament, coping styles and Early Maladaptive Schemas to social anxiety and Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD). The current study explored the relationship between these variables in a sample of 360 non-clinical adults. Results indicated that individuals higher in social anxiety display higher levels of schemas themed around Disconnection and Rejection than individuals low in social anxiety. Temperament appears to influence the type of coping style some individuals adopt with more introverted individuals utilising more avoidant strategies. Nevertheless, neuroticism appears to have a stronger relationship with Disconnection and Rejection schemas than coping strategies linked to either avoiding or overcompensating for stressors. Path analysis was used to test three models of the data based on the relationships proposed by Young and colleagues. Results provide preliminary evidence that the impact of maladaptive schemas on coping strategies is stronger than the influence of coping strategies on such schemas. The implications of the findings for both theory and treatment concerning social anxiety and SAD are discussed, along with suggestions for future research

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ainsworth MDS & Bowlby J (1991). An ethological approach to personality development. The American Psychologist, 46, 331-341. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.333
  • American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington,...
  • Bandalos DL (2002). The effects of item parceling on goodness-of-fit and parameter estimate bias in structural equation modeling. Structural...
  • Beck AT (1967) Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Brook CA & Schmidt LA (2008). Social anxiety disorder: A review of environmental risk factors. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment,...
  • Brotchie J, Hanes J, Wendon, P, & Waller G (2007). Emotional avoidance among alcohol and opiate abusers: The role of schema-level cognitive...
  • Bruce SE, Yonkers KA, Otto MW, Eisen JL, Weisberg RB, Pagano M, Shea MT, Keller MB (2005). Influence of psychiatric co morbidity on recovery...
  • Byrne B (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York: Psychology Press.
  • Calvete E & Orue I (2008). Ansiedad social y esquemas cognitivos disfuncionales. Psicologia Conductual, 16, 5-21.
  • Calvete E, Orue I, & Hankin BL (2013). Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic...
  • Clark LA & Watson D (1999). Temperament: A new paradigm for trait psychology. In LA Pervin & OP John (Eds.), Handbook of personality...
  • Clark DM & Wells A (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In RG Heimberg, MR Liebowitz, DA Hope, & FR Schneirer (Eds.), Social...
  • Coffman DL & MacCallum RC (2005). Using parcels to convert path analysis models into latent variable models. Multivariate Behavioral Research,...
  • Darcy, K., Davila, J., & Beck, J. G. (2005). Is social anxiety associated with both interpersonal avoidance and interpersonal dependence?....
  • Gibb BE, Chelminski I, & Zimmerman M (2007). Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and diagnoses of depressive and anxiety...
  • Goldberg LR, Johnson JA, Eber HW, Hogan R, Ashton MC, Cloninger CR, & Gough HC (2006). The International Personality Item Pool and the...
  • Hudson JL & Rapee RM (2000). The origins of social phobia. Behavior Modification, 24, 102-129. doi: 10.1177/0145445500241006
  • Hinrichsen H, Waller G, & Emanuelli F (2004). Social anxiety and agoraphobia in the eating disorders: Associations with core beliefs....
  • Hong JJ & Woody SR (2007). Cultural mediators of self-reported social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1779-1789. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2007.01.011
  • Jain M & Sudhir PM (2010). Dimensions of perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in social phobia. Asian Journal of Psychiatry,...
  • Kagan J, Reznick JS, & Snidman N (1988). Biological bases of childhood shyness. Science, 240, 167- 171. doi: 10.1126/science.3353713
  • Kashdan TB (2002). Social anxiety dimensions, neuroticism, and the contours of positive psychological http://www. ijpsy. com © International...
  • Keith T (2006). Multiple Regression and Beyond. Boston: Pearson Education.
  • Kenny DA (2008). Reflections on mediation. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 353-358. doi: 10.1177/1094428107308978
  • Lee S & Hershberger S (1990). A simple rule for generating equivalent models in covariance structure modeling. Multivariate Behavioral...
  • Luck A, Waller G, Meyer C, Ussher M, & Lacey H (2005). The role of schema processes in the eating disorders. Cognitive Therapy and Research,...
  • Marsh HW, Hau KT, & Wen Z (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cut-off values for fit...
  • Mattick RP & Clarke JC (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour...
  • McCraeå RR, Costa T, Hrebiekova M, Ostendorf F, Alois A, Avia MD, Sanz J, Bernardos S, Kusdil M, Woodfiels R, Saunders PR, Smith PB (2000)....
  • Molfese VJ & Molfese DL (2000). Temperament and personality development across the lifespan. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Morrison A & Heimberg RG (2013). Social anxiety and social anxiety disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9, 249-274.
  • Muris P (2006). Maladaptive schemas in non-clinical adolescents: Relations to perceived parental rearing behaviours, big five personality...
  • Naragon-Gainey K & Watson D (2011). Clarifying the dispositional basis of social anxiety: A hierarchical perspective. Personality and...
  • Norton GR, Cox BJ, Hewitt PL, & McLeod L (1997). Personality factors associated with generalized and non-generalized social anxiety. Personality...
  • Olatunji BO, Cisler JM, & Deacon BJ (2010). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: A review of meta-analytic...
  • Olfson M, Guardino M, Struening E, Schneier FR, Hellman F, & Klein DF (2000). Barriers to the treatment of social anxiety. American Journal...
  • Piekkola B (2011). Traits across cultures: A neo-Allportian perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 31, 2. doi:...
  • Pinto-Gouveia J, Castilho P, Galhardo, A, & Cunha M (2006). Early maladaptive schemas and social phobia. Cognitive Therapy and Research,...
  • Plasencia ML, Alden LE, & Taylor CT (2011). Differential effects of safety behaviour subtypes in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research...
  • Rapee RM & Heimberg RG (1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741-756....
  • Rothbart MK, Ahadi SA, & Evans DE (2000). Temperament and personality: Origins and outcomes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,...
  • Sava FA (2009). Maladaptive schemas, irrational beliefs, and their relationship with the Five-factor personality model. Journal of Cognitive...
  • Schmidt LA & Riniolo TC (1999). The role of neuroticism in test and social anxiety. The Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 394-395. doi:...
  • Sheffield A, Waller, G, Emanuelli F, Murray J, & Meyer C (2009). Do schema processes mediate links between parenting and eating pathology?...
  • Spranger SC Waller G, & Bryant-Waugh R (2001). Schema avoidance in bulimic and non-eating-disordered women. International Journal of Eating...
  • Tabachnick BG & Fidell LS (2001). Using multivariate statistics. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Thimm JC (2010). Personality and early maladaptive schemas: A five-factor model perspective. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental...
  • Tillfors M, Furmark T, Ekselius L, & Fredrikson M (2004). Social phobia and avoidant personality disorder: One spectrum disorder? Nordic...
  • Watson D, Gamez W, & Simms LJ (2005). Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: A symptom-based perspective....
  • Welburn K, Coristine M, Dagg P, Pontefract A, & Jordan S (2002). The Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: Factor analysis and relationship...
  • Young JE (1998). The Young Compensatory Inventory. Available at: www.schematherapy.com/id42.htm
  • Young JE (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Sarasota FL: Professional Resource Press.
  • Young JE & Brown G (2005). Young Schema Questionnaire; Short Form, Version 3. New York: Schema Therapy Institute. www.schematherapy.com.
  • Young JE, Klosko PJS, & Weishaar ME (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: Guilford Publication.
  • Young J E & Rygh J (1994). Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YRAI). New York: Cognitive Therapy Center. New York. [Available:http://www.schematherapy.com]