Fenomenología de los Recuerdos Autobiográficos en el Espectro Depresivo: Una Revisión

• Lolich, María ^[1]
  1. [1] Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias y Neuropsicología Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Palermo
• Localización: Psicodebate. Psicología, Cultura y Sociedad, ISSN-e 2451-6600, ISSN 1515-2251, Vol. 14, Nº. 2, 2014, págs. 59-82
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.18682/pd.v14i2.349
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Phenomenology of Autobiographical Memories in the Depressive Spectrum: A review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    La experiencia de rememoración es distintiva de los recuerdos autobiográficos. Si bien memoria y afectividad se encuentran íntimamente relacionadas, son recientes los estudios que buscan indagar en los perfiles fenomenológicos de evocación durante la ocurrencia de alteraciones afectivas. El presente trabajo expone una revisión de las características fenomenológicas de los recuerdos autobiográficos en presencia de alteraciones del espectro depresivo. Se llevo a cabo una revisión bibliográfica en más de 10 bases de datos  (Academic Search Complete, Cambridge Journals Online, Directory of Open Access Journals, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PUBMED, SCOPUS, SwetsWise, Taylor, Francis Online y Wiley Online Library) de aquellos artículos que abordaron la fenomenología de los recuerdos autobiográficos en individuos con alteraciones depresivas publicados durante los años 2000–2014. Fueron incluidos para el análisis un total de 13 publicaciones. Los estudios concluyen que durante la presencia de sintomatología depresiva clínicamente significativa los recuerdos de valencia positiva son evocados desde una perspectiva de tercera persona, con bajos niveles de intensidad emocional y escasa vivacidad. Por otro lado, los recuerdos negativos de tipo intrusivo resultan altamente vívidos y emocionalmente intensos, acompañados por distintos componentes sensoriales. Los resultados preliminares sugieren que los atributos fenomenológicos, tanto de los recuerdos positivos como negativos, se encontrarían relacionados con la aparición y evolución a corto plazo de los cuadros depresivos. Además, una modalidad de evocación de tipo generalizada, en contraposición con una evocación específica, se encontró asociada con la presencia de sintomatología afectiva. Considerando los vínculos entre el sí mismo y la memoria autobiográfica y, dado que los modelos psicoterapéuticos requieren que los individuos exploren su pasado personal, el promover un procesamiento específico de los recuerdos autobiográficos constituye un recurso clínico de relevancia. Teniendo en cuenta la etapa preliminar de estas líneas de investigación, es necesario continuar la exploración de la fenomenología de los recuerdos durante la presencia de trastornos afectivos.

  • English

    Autobiographical memories are characterized by their recollection experience. While memory and emotion are closely related, studies which aimed to investigate memories phenomenological profiles during affective disorders are quite recent. This paper presents a review of autobiographical memories phenomenological characteristics during depressive spectrum disorders. A literature review was conducted in more than 10 databases: Academic Search Complete, Cambridge Journals Online , Directory of Open Access Journals, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, PUBMED, SCOPUS, SwetsWise, Taylor and Francis Online Wiley Online Library; of those articles published during the years 2000-2014 that addressed autobiographical memories phenomenology in individuals with depressive disorders. A total of 13 articles were included for analysis. Current studies conclude that, in the presence of depressive symptoms, positively valence memories are evoked predominantly from an observer perspective, with poor emotional intensity and vitality levels. Furthermore, intrusive negative memories are highly vivid and emotionally intense, accompanied by different sensory components. Preliminary results suggest that phenomenological features, both in positive and negative memories, would be related to the onset and short-term evolution of depressive symptoms. In addition, an overgeneral evocation style, as opposed to a specific evocation, was found associated with the presence of affective symptoms. Considering the links between self and autobiographical memory, and since psychotherapeutic models require individuals to explore their personal past, promoting autobiographical memories specific processing is an important clinical resource. Given the preliminary stage of research, further exploration of memories phenomenology during the presence of affective disorders is warranted.

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