Estado de ánimo y memoria autobiográfica: efectos sobre la intensidad de los recuerdos escolares

• Autores: José Tomás Boyano Moreno, Juan Antonio Mora Mérida
• Localización: Anales de psicología, ISSN-e 1695-2294, ISSN 0212-9728, Vol. 31, Nº. 3, 2015, págs. 1035-1043
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.6018/analesps.31.3.155201
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La influencia del estado de ánimo sobre la memoria de estímu-los simples ha sido constatada con frecuencia. El presente trabajo examina el efecto del ánimo sobre la memoria autobiográfica, dirigiéndose a analizar (1) la presencia del efecto de memoria congruente con el ánimo en los re-cuerdos escolares y (2) las anomalías típicas del efecto. Se pretende investi-gar los sesgos que pueden afectar, durante la recuperación, a la valoración subjetiva de eventos relevantes de la historia escolar. Se ha utilizado una muestra de estudiantes universitarios, asignados a distintos grupos de in-ducción de ánimo. Se han inducido tres estados (alegría, tristeza o ánimo neutro) mediante material fílmico que presenta escenas emocionales. Se re-gistró la intensidad atribuida al recuerdo mediante el método LIM. El efec-to de memoria congruente con el ánimo ha sido parcial y asimétrico. Nues-tros resultados indican que los participantes con ánimo alegre tienden a una mayor valoración de los eventos positivos y negativos, mientras las perso-nas con tristeza tienden a valoraciones más conservadoras. Los participan-tes con ánimo neutro valoran los eventos positivos con un nivel más eleva-do que los negativos. Estos datos sugieren que el ánimo genera un estilo de procesamiento preferente que modula la valoración de los recuerdos

  • English

    The influence of mood on memory for simple stimuli has been observed frequently. This paper examines the effect of mood on autobio-graphical memory, going to analyze (1) the presence of the mood-congruent memory effect in school memories and (2) the typical anomalies of the effect. We intend to study the biases that may affect, during retrieval, the subjective rating of relevant events in school history. We used a sample of college students assigned to different groups of mood induction. Three states (happy, sad or neutral mood) were induced by film material having emotional scenes. Memories intensity was recorded by the LIM method. The mood-congruent memory effect has been partial and asymmetric. Our results indicate that participants with happy mood tend to a greater rating of positive and negative events, whereas sad participants tend to more con-servative valuations. Neutral-mood participants rated the positive events with a higher level than negative. These data suggest that the mood gener-ates a preferred processing style which modulates the valuation of memo-ries

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