Una tarea de generación aleatoria con mínimas demandas de memoria para la enfermedad de alzheimer leve

• María Rosario García Viedma ^[1] ; Sara Fernández Guinea ^[2] ; Rafael Martos ^[1] ; Ana Raquel Ortega Martínez ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Jaén

     Universidad de Jaén

     Jaén, España

     
  2. [2] Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Universidad Complutense de Madrid

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: Acción psicológica, ISSN 1578-908X, Vol. 12, Nº. 1, 2015, págs. 47-56
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5944/ap.12.1.15317
• Títulos paralelos:
  • A random generation task with minimum memory requirements for mild Alzheimer’s disease
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Los pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer leve muestran dificultades para realizar actividades cotidianas debidas a la afectación del control atencional, las cuales describen diferencias cualitativas significativas entre el envejecimiento normal y el patológico. Las tareas de generación aleatoria permiten valorar esta capacidad; sin embargo, su utilización en personas mayores y con EA puede estar sesgada por las demandas de memoria que imponen. Interesados en evaluar específicamente el control atencional en estos sujetos, diseñamos una tarea de generación aleatoria manual con mínimas exigencias de memoria. Se aplicó a un grupo de personas mayores sanas y a un grupo de pacientes con EA inicial. Los resultados revelaron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en distintos índices de aleatorización, mostrando los pacientes más dificultades para evitar secuencias estereotipadas y cambiar de estrategias. Estos resultados confirman que esta tarea permite valorar de modo delimitado el control atencional en individuos mayores, y discriminar entre el envejecimiento normal y el inicio de la EA. Por tanto, la tarea de generación aleatoria manual podría considerarse en la detección temprana de la EA.

  • English

    Mild Alzheimer’s disease patients show difficulties in everyday activities caused by attentional control involvement. They reveal qualitative differences between normal and pathological aging. Random generation tasks have been proposed as sensitive test to assess this attentional ability; however, their application to elderly people and AD patients could be biased by memory demands. In order to specifically evaluate attentional control in these subjects, we design a manual random generation task, with minimum memory requirements. It was applied to both healthy elderly people and patients with mild AD. The achieved results revealed significant differences between both groups on the diverse random indexes, showing AD patients more difficulties when interruption or avoiding answering patterns or stereotyped sequences is required, and also in switching strategies. These findings confirm that this manual random generation task allow to evaluate attentional control in a delimited way in elderly people. Besides, it is sensitive in normal aging and neurodegenerative process discrimination. Then, manual random generation tasks could be proposed in early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

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