Bases teóricas de la técnica de recreación del contexto en la entrevista cognitiva

• Autores: Luciano Haussen Pinto, Lilian Milnitsky Stein
• Localización: Avances en psicología latinoamericana, ISSN-e 2145-4515, ISSN 1794-4724, Vol. 33, Nº. 2, 2015 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Artículos en prensa)
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.12804/apl33.02.2015.08
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Resumen
  • español

    Al informar sobre un delito, las víctimas y los testigos tienen un papel decisivo. En la psicología del testimonio, mucho se ha avanzado en los métodos de entrevista de investigación, y la entrevista cognitiva es una de las más consolidadas en la actualidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre una de las técnicas de la entrevista cognitiva: la recreación del contexto. En buena medida, muchos estudios atribuyen a la reconstrucción del contexto el éxito de la entrevista cognitiva en la optimización de los testimonios, en términos de la cantidad y la calidad de la información recuperada. Se analizaron las bases teóricas de la memoria que ayudan a explicar cuáles mecanismos de la recreación del contexto generan y favorecen el recordar. Los efectos positivos de esta técnica están directamente relacionados con la noción de memoria dependiente del contexto y con el principio de especificidad de codificación. Por último, se refieren algunas limitaciones, así como nuevas alternativas para usar la técnica. 

  • English

    In reporting a crime the victims and witnesses have a decisive role. In Psychology of Testimony, much has been advanced in methods of investigative interview, being the Cognitive Interview currently the most consolidated around the world. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review of the literature about one of the techniques of Cognitive Interview: the context reinstatement. Many studies attribute largely to the successful context reinstatement that the Cognitive Interview has in optimizing the statements in terms of both: quantity and quality of information recalled. The theoretical bases of memory were analyzed to explain the mechanisms of the context reinstatement triggers that favor victims/witnesses recall. Its positive effects have direct relation with the notion of context-dependent memory and with the principle of encoding specificity. Finally, we pointed out some limitations, as well as new ways to use the technique.

  • português

    Las bases teóricas de la técnica de recreación del contexto en la Entrevista CognitivaLuciano Haussen Pinto, Lilian Milnitsky SteinPontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) A correspondência relacionada com este artigo deve ser direcionada a Luciano Haussen Pinto. Correio eletrônico: luciano.hp@gmail.com ResumoNa apuração de um crime as vítimas e testemunhas possuem um papel decisivo. Na área da Psicologia do Testemunho, muito tem se avançado em métodos de entrevista investigativa, sendo a Entrevista Cognitiva uma das mais consolidadas atualmente. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre uma das técnicas da Entrevista Cognitiva: a recriação do contexto. Muitos estudos atribuem em grande parte à recriação do contexto o êxito da Entrevista Cognitiva em otimizar os depoimentos tanto em termos de quantidade quanto de qualidade das informações lembradas. Foram analisadas as bases teóricas sobre memória que ajudam a explicar quais mecanismos a recriação do contexto aciona e que favorecem a recordação. Os efeitos positivos da técnica possuem relação direta com a noção de memória dependente do contexto e com o princípio da especificidade de codificação. Por fim, são referidas algumas limitações, bem como novas alternativas de utilização da técnica.

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