El uso de los mecanismos de defensacomo herramientas de afrontamientopor veteranos israelíes deprimidos y con TEPT

• Autores: Sharon Galor, Uwe Hentschel
• Localización: Subjetividad y Procesos Cognitivos, ISSN-e 1666-244X, Vol. 17, Nº. 1, 2013, págs. 159-174
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • The use of defense mechanisms as coping tools by PTSD and depressed Israeli veterans
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Resumen
  • español

    Objetivo: detectar los mecanismos de defensa correspondientes a veteranos con TEPT (Trastorno por Estrés Post-Traumático), deprimidos y controles. Muestra: 155 participantes: grupo control (N = 55), veteranos deprimidos (N=39), veteranos con TEPT (N=61). Instrumentos: cuestionario de TEPT versión para civiles, escala Hamilton, Cuestionario de Experiencias Depresivas (CED), Índice de Estilo de Vida (LSI). Resultado: se detectaron diferentes combinatorias de mecanismos de defensa en cada uno de los grupos estudiados. El grupo de deprimidos reporta un mayor uso de la regresión y la proyección que el grupo control. Los individuos con TEPT utilizan la proyección, regresión y formación reactiva más que el grupo control. Por consiguiente, los grupos diagnosticados utilizan mecanismos de defensa diferentes de los del grupo control, lo cual confirma la hipótesis. Los individuos con TEPT utilizan la intelectualización más que los deprimidos y, entonces, la hipótesis de que existen diferencias entre estos dos grupos también se sostiene.

  • English

    Objective: to detect the defense mechanisms corresponding to PTSD (Post traumatic stress disorder) and depressed Israeli veterans and control group. Sample: 155 participants: control group (N=55), depressed veterans (N=39). veterans suffering from PTSD (N=61). Instruments: PTSD questionnaire, version for civilians, Hamilton scale. Questionnaire of Depressive Experiences (QDE), Life style index (LSI). Result: different combinations of defense mechanisms were detected in each of the studied groups. The group of the depressed reports greater use of regression, projection and reaction formation than the control group. Accordingly, the diagnosed groups use different defense mechanisms from those of the control group, therefore confirming the hypothesis. The individuals manifesting TEPT use intellectualization more than the depressed ones, so the hypothesis that there are differences between these two groups can be maintained.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental disorders. 4th. Author. Washington DC.
  • Apter, A. (1992). Ego defenses: theory and measurement. John Wiley& sons. New York. 191-196
  • Baumeister, R.F, Dale, K, Sommer, K.L. (1998). Freudian defence mechanisms and empirical findings in modern social psychology: reaction formation,...
  • Berlant, J.I.L. (2004). Prospective open-label study of add-on and monotherapy topiramate in civilians with chronic no hallucinatory posttraumatic...
  • Blatt, S.J. (2004). Experiences of depression: theoretical, clinical and research perspectives. American Psychological Press. Washington.
  • Blatt, S.J. (1976). Depressive experiences questionnaire. Yale University Press. New Haven^eCT CT.
  • Bond, M. (1986). Empirical studies of ego mechanisms of defense. American Psychiatric Press. Washington. 146-152
  • Burtos, E. (1992). Torture and its consequences: current treatment approaches. Cambridge University Press. New York. 182-225
  • Conte, H.R, Plutchik, R. (1995). Ego defences: theory and measurement. Wiley. New York.
  • Conte, H.R, Plutchik, R, Draguns, J.G. (2004). Defense mechanism: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 393-414
  • Cramer, P. (1998). Defensiveness and defense mechanisms. Journal of Personality. 878-894
  • Cramer, P. (2000). Defense mechanism in psychology today. American Psychologist. 637-646
  • M.H.M, de Wolf. (1998). Inleiding in de psychoanalytische psychotherapie. Countinho. Bussum.
  • Everley, G.S, Lating, J.M. (1995). Psychotraumatology: key papers and core concepts in post traumatic stress. Plenum Press. New York.
  • Freud, A. (1937). The ego and the mechisms of defense. Hogarth Press. London.
  • Haan, N. (1977). Coping and defending. Academic Press. New York.
  • Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 56-62
  • Hentschel, U, Kiessling, M, Wiemers, M. (1998). Fragebogen zu Konfliktbewältigungsstrategien-FKBS Manual. Beltz Test. Göttingen.
  • Hentschel, U, Kiessling, M, Teubner-Berg, H, Dreier, H. (2004). Defense mechanism: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Elsevier....
  • Hentschel, U, Smith, G, Draguns, J.G, Ehlers, W. (2004). Defense mechanism: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Elsevier. Amsterdam....
  • Katching, H. (1986). Life events and psychiatric disorders: controversial issues. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.
  • Kobak, K.A, Mundt, J.C, Greist, J.H, Katzelinck, D.J, Jeferson, J.W. (2000). Computer assessment of depression: automating the Hamilton depression...
  • Kragh, U. (1985). Defense Mechanism Test. DMT manual. Persona. Stockholm.
  • Kreitler, S. (2004). Defense mechanism: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 477-519
  • Lazarus, R.S. (1993). Coping theory and research. Psychosomatic Medicine. 234-247
  • Maldavsky, D. (2005). Systematic research on psychoanalytic concepts and clincal practice: the David Liberman algorithm (DLA). Universidad...
  • Maser, J.D, Cloninger, C.R. (1990). Co-morbidity of mood and anxiety disorders. American Psychiatric Press. Washington DC.
  • McKnight, K.M, McFall, M.E, Kivilahan, D.R. (2001). Trauma symptoms of PTSD and associated problems among incarcerated veterans. Psychiatric...
  • Mikulincer, M, Horesh, N. (1999). Adult attachment and the perception of others: the role of projective mechanisms. Journal of Personality...
  • Moore, B.E, Fine, B.D. (1995). Psychoanalysis-the major concepts. Yale University Press. Michigan.
  • Newman, C.S, Duff, K.J, Baumeister, R.F. (1997). A new look at defensive projection: thought suppression, accessibility and bias person perception....
  • Olff, M, Andersen, I. (1991). Defense and coping: self reported health and psychobiological correlates. ISOR. Utrecht. 57-69
  • Plutchik, R, Kellerman, H, Conte, HR. (1979). Emotions in Personality and Psychopathology. Plenum. New York. 229-257
  • Punamaki, R.L, Kanninen, K, Qouta, S, Elsarraj, E. (2002). The role of psychological defenses in moderating between trauma and posttraumatic...
  • Sandler, J. (1960). The background of safety. International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 352-356
  • Schafer, R. (1968). The mechanisms of defense. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 49-62
  • Shaw, J. A. (1990). Stressors and adjustment disorders. Wiley. New York. 340-361
  • Smith, G, Hentschel, U. (2004). Defense mechanism: Theoretical, research and clinical perspectives. Elsevier. Amsterdam. 129-152
  • Solomon, Z. (1993). Combat stress reaction: the enduring toll of war. Plenum Press. New York.
  • Terr, L.C. (1991). Childhood traumas: an outline and overview. American Journal of Psychiatry. 10-20
  • Vaillant, G.E. (1977). Adaptation to life. Little Brown. Boston.
  • Vaillant,, G.E. (1992). Ego mechanism of defense: a guide for clinicians and researchers. American Psychiatric Press. Washington DC.
  • van der Hart, O. (1995). Trauma, dissociatie en hypnose. Swets& Zeitlinger. Deventer.
  • Weathers, F, Huska, J, Keane, T. (1991). The PTSD checklist- civilian version. National Center for PTSD. Boston.
  • Zuroff, D.C, Stotland, D, Sweetman, E, Craig, J, Koestner, R. (1995). Dependency, self criticism and social interaction. British Journal of...