La teoría de la alóstasis como mecanismo explicativo entre los apegos inseguros y la vulnerabilidad a enfermedades crónicas

• Autores: Mariantonia Lemos Hoyos
• Localización: Anales de psicología, ISSN-e 1695-2294, ISSN 0212-9728, Vol. 31, Nº. 2, 2015, págs. 452-461
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.6018/analesps.31.2.176361
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Allostasis theory as an explicative mechanism between the insecure attachments and chronic disease vulnerability
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El vínculo de apego ha mostrado ser un factor de vulnerabilidad para las enfermedades crónicas. El presente artículo busca clarificar esta re-lación mediante la teoría de la alóstasis. La teoría de la alóstasis hace refe-rencia a la regulación de los procesos fisiológicos corporales complejos en el tiempo mediante una respuesta sistémica que mantiene la estabilidad fi-siológica cuando se confronta la persona con cambios o retos. Los apegos inseguros confrontan a los niños desde sus primeros años con eventos es-tresantes, al no brindar al niño la seguridad sentida, finalidad fundamental del apego. De esta forma los apegos inseguros podrían tener impacto en la calibración del sistema de estrés en la edad temprana y serían factores de aumento de la carga alostática mediante mayores eventos vitales estresantes que las personas con apego seguro, una valoración cognitiva de amenaza que lleva al desarrollo de la hipervigilancia y el impacto en los sistemas de regulación del estrés en el cuerpo

  • English

    The attachment bond has been proven to be a vulnerability fac-tor for chronic diseases. This article seeks to clarify this relationship by the theory of allostasis. Allostasis theory refers to the regulation of complex physiological processes by systemic response in the body maintaining phys-iological stability when a person is confronted by challenges. The insecure attachments confront children from his first years with stressful events, by failing to provide security, fundamental purpose of attachment. In this way insecure attachments could impact the calibration of the stress system in the early age and would be factors that increases the allostatic load by a larger number of stressful life events compare to people with secure at-tachment, a cognitive appraisal of threat that leads to the development of hypervigilance and the impact on stress regulation systems in the body

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ahnert, L. (2005). Parenting and Alloparenting. In C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K. E. Grossman, S. B. Hrdy, M. E. Lamb, S. W. Porges & N....
  • al'Absi, M., & Bongard, S. (2006). Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Mechanism Mediating the Relationship between Anger Expression and...
  • Allen, J. P. (2008). The attachment system in adolescence. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research,...
  • Ba'yah, N., Kadir, A., & Bifulco, A. (2013). Insecure attachment style as a vulnerability factor for depression: Recent findings in...
  • Beck, A. T. (1979). Cognitive therapy of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Beck, A. T. (2000). Terapia cognitiva de la depresión. Barcelona: Gedisa.
  • Beck, A. T., Freeman, A., & Davis, D. D. (2006). Cognitive therapy of personality disorders (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Belsky, J. (2005). Attachment Theory and Research in Ecological Perspective. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossman & E. Waters (Eds.), Attachment...
  • Berry, J. K., & Drummond, P. D. (2014). Does attachment anxiety increase vulnerability to headache? Journal of psychosomatic research,...
  • Bowlby, J. (1989). Una Base Segura. Aplicaciones clínicas de la teoría del apego. México: Paidos.
  • Bowlby, J. (1993). La Pérdida Afectiva. Tristeza y Depresión. Barcelona: Paidós.
  • Bowlby, J. (1998). El Apego y la Pérdida. I. El Apego. Barcelona: Paidos.
  • Brooks-Gunn, J., Han, W. J., & Waldfogel, J. (2010). First-year maternal employment and child development in the first 7 years. Monographs...
  • Bullington, J. (2002). Health as Receptivity: A Phenomenological interpretation of allostasis. In I. L. Nordenfelt & P. E. Liss (Eds.),...
  • Burnette, J. L., Davis, D. E., Green, J. D., Worthington, E. L., & Bradfield, E. (2009). Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms:...
  • Cannon, W. B. (1949). What Strong Emotions Do to Us Readings in general psychology (pp. 146-157). New York, NY, US: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Champagne, F. A., Francis, D. D., Mar, A., & Meaney, M. J. (2003). Variations in maternal care in the rat as a mediating influence for...
  • Christodoulou, I. (2010). Reversing the Allostatic Load. International journal of Health Science, 3(3), 331-332.
  • Ciechanowski, P. S., Katon, W. J., Russo, J. E., & Dwight-Johnson, M. M. (2002). Association of attachment style to lifetime medically...
  • Cirulli, F., & Berry, A. (2013). Early Developmental Trajectories of Brain Development: New Directions in the Search for Early Determinants...
  • Cirulli, F., Berry, A., Bonsignore, L. T., Capone, F., D’Andrea, I., Aloe, L.,... Alleva, E. (2010). Early life influences on emotional reactivity:...
  • Clark, D., & Beck, A. (1997). El estado de la cuestión en la teoría y terapia cognitiva. In I. Caro (Ed.), Manual de psicoterapias cognitivas:...
  • Colditz, G. A., Emmons, K. M., Vishwanath, K., & Kerner, J. F. (2008). Translating science to practice: community and academic perspectives....
  • Cortelli, P., Pierangeli, G., & Montagna, P. (2010). Is Migraine a disease? Neurological Sciences, 31(suppl 1), S29-S31. Doi: 10.1007/s10072-010-0270-0
  • Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2010). El papel de los esquemas disfuncionales tempranos y el afrontamiento en el desarrollo de síntomas de...
  • Cámara, M., & Calvete, E. (2012). Early maladaptive schemas as moderators of the impact of stressful events on anxiety and depression...
  • Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., Polanczyk, G., Pariante, C. M.,Caspi, A. (2009a). Adverse Childhood Experiences...
  • Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., Polanczyk, G., Pariante, C. M., Caspi, A. (2009b). Adverse Childhood Experiences...
  • Davies, K., Macfarlane, G., McBeth, J., Morriss, R., & Dickens, C. (2009). Insecure attachment style is associated with chronic widespread...
  • Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011). The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral...
  • Dozier, M., Manni, M., & Lindhiem, O. (2005). Lessons from the Longitudinal Studies of Attachment. In K. E. Grossmann, K. Grossman &...
  • Engel, G. L. (1992). The Need for a New Medical Model: A Challenge for Biomedicine. Family Systems Medicine, 10(3), 317-331. Doi: 10.2307/1743658
  • Everly, G. S., & Lating, J. M. (2002). A clinical guide to the treatment of the human stress response (2nd ed.). London.
  • Friedman, M., & Roseman, R. H. (1976). Conducta tipo" A" y su corazón, Grijalbo.
  • Glenn, M. L. (1988). The Resurgence of the Biomedical Model in Medicine. Family Systems Medicine, 6(4), 492-500. Doi: 10.1037/h0089753
  • Gluckman, P. D., Hanson, M. A., Cooper, C., & Thornburg, K. L. (2008). Effect of In Utero and Early-Life Conditions on Adult Health and...
  • Goldberg, S. (2000). Attachment and Development. Londres: Hodder Headline Group.
  • Goldman-Mellor, S., Hamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2012). Early-life stress and recurrent psychological distress over the lifecourse predict...
  • Greenberg, M. T. (1999). Attachment and Psychopathology in Childhood. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment. Theory,...
  • Groer, M., & Women's Health Research Group (2010). Allostasis: A model for women's health. In K. Kendall-Tackett (Ed.), The psychoneuroimmunology...
  • Grossman, K. E., & Grossman, K. (2005). Universality of Human Social Attachment as an Adaptive Process. In C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K....
  • Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., & Kindler, H. (2005). Early care and the Roots of Attachment and Partnership Representations. In K. E....
  • Gunnar, M. R., & Donzella, B. (2002). Social regulation of the cortisol levels in early human development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 27(1-2),...
  • Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and social psychology, 52(3),...
  • Heuser, I., & Lammers, C.-H. (2003). Stress and the brain. Neurobiology of aging, 24, S69-S76. Doi: 10.1016/S0197-4580(03)00048-4
  • Hill-Soderlund, A. L., & Braungart-Rieker, J. M. (2008). Early individual differences in temperamental reactivity and regulation: Implications...
  • Hostinar, C. E., & Gunnar, M. R. (2013). The Developmental Effects of Early Life Stress: An Overview of Current Theoretical Frameworks....
  • Jones, F., & Bright, J. (2001). Stress: the concept. In F. J. J. Bright (Ed.), Stress: myth, theory, and research (pp. 3-15). Harlow,...
  • Juruena, M. F. (2013). Early-life stress and HPA axis trigger recurrent adulthood depression. Epilepsy & Behavior. Doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.10.020
  • Juster, R.-P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. J. (2010). Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition....
  • Kendall-Tackett, K. (2009). Psychological trauma and physical health: A psychoneuroimmunology approach to etiology of negative health effects...
  • Laurent, H., & Powers, S. (2007). Emotion regulation in emerging adult couples: Temperament, attachment, and HPA response to conflict....
  • Lazarus, R. S. (1999). Stress and emotion: A new synthesis. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1986). Estrés y procesos cognitivos. Barcelona: Martínez Roca.
  • Li, S., Chen, W., Srinivasan, S. R., Bond, M. G., Tang, R., Urbina, E. M., & Berenson, G. S. (2003). Childhood Cardiovascular Risk Factors...
  • Logan, J. G., & Barksdale, D. J. (2008). Allostasis and allostatic load: expanding the discourse on stress and cardiovascular disease....
  • Loman, M. M., & Gunnar, M. R. (2010). Early experience and the development of stress reactivity and regulation in children. Neuroscience...
  • Luecken, L. J., & Lemery, K. S. (2004). Early caregiving and physiological stress responses. Clinical psychology review, 24(2), 171-191....
  • Maunder, R. G., & Hunter, J. J. (2009). Assessing patterns of adult attachment in medical patients. General hospital psychiatry, 31(2),...
  • McEwen, B. S. (2004). Protection and damage from Acute and Chronic Stress. Allostasis and Allostasis Overload and Relevance to the Pathophysiology...
  • McEwen, B. S. (2006). Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators: central role of the brain. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience,...
  • McEwen, B. S. (2013). The Brain on Stress: Toward an Integrative Approach to Brain, Body, and Behavior. Perspectives on Psychological Science...
  • McEwen, B. S., & Getz, L. (2013). Lifetime experiences, the brain and personalized medicine: An integrative perspective. Metabolism, 62(1),...
  • McEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2010). Central role of the brain in stress and adaptation: Links to socioeconomic status, health, and...
  • McEwen, B. S., & Gianaros, P. J. (2011). Stress- and Allostasis-Induced Brain Plasticity. Annual Review of Medicine, 62, 431-445. Doi:...
  • McEwen, B. S., & Karatsoreos, I. N. (2012). What Is Stress? In A. Chouker (Ed.), Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space (pp. 11-29):...
  • McEwen, B. S., Nasveld, P., Palmer, M., & Anderson, R. (2012). Allostatic Load. A Review of the Literature. Australia: Department of Veteran´s...
  • McEwen, B. S., & Seeman, T. (1999). Protective and Damaging Effects of Mediators of Stress. Elaborating and Testing the Concepts of Allostasis...
  • Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2008). Adult attachment and affect regulation. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment:...
  • Morley, T. E., & Moran, G. (2011). The origins of cognitive vulnerability in early childhood: Mechanisms linking early attachment to later...
  • National Research Council and Institute of Medicine (2000). Making causal connections. In J. P. Shonkoff & D. Phillips (Eds.), From Neurons...
  • Oitzl, M. S., Champagne, D. L., van der Veen, R., & De Kloet, E. R. (2010). Brain development under stress: hypotheses of glucocorticoid...
  • Palmero, F., & Fernández- Abascal, E. G. (1998). Emociones y adaptación. Barcelona: Ariel.
  • Parsons, C., Young, K., Murray, L., Stein, A., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2010). The functional neuroanatomy of the evolving parent–infant...
  • Pelle, A. J., Pedersen, S. S., Szabó, B. M., & Denollet, J. (2009). Beyond Type D personality: reduced positive affect (anhedonia) predicts...
  • Pellegrini, R. J., Hicks, R. A., Camagna-Foley, T. F., & Donato, M. (2003). Toward a holistic-organismic conceptualization of attachment...
  • Picardi, A., Caroppo, E., Toni, A., Bitetti, D., & Di Maria, G. (2005). Stability of attachment-related anxiety and avoidance and their...
  • Picardi, A., Miglio, R., Tarsitani, L., Battisti, F., Baldassari, M., Copertaro, A.,... Biondi, M. (2013). Attachment style and immunity:...
  • Quirin, M., Pruessner, J. C., & Kuhl, J. (2008). HPA system regulation and adult attachment anxiety: individual differences in reactive...
  • Raitakari, O. T., Juonala, M., Kahonen, M., Taittonen, L., Laitinen, T., Maki-Torkko, N.,... Viikari, J. S. A. (2003). Cardiovascular Risk...
  • Ray, O. (2004). The Revolutionary Health Science of Psychoendoneuroimmunology. A new Paradigm for Understanding Health and Treating Illness....
  • Sarafino, E. P. (2005). Context and Perspectives in Health Psychology. In S. Sutton, A. Baum & M. M. Johnston (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook...
  • Seyle, H. (1976). Forty years of stress research: principal remaining problems and misconceptions. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 115(1),...
  • Sherry, D. L., Sherry, S. B., Vincent, N. A., Stewart, S. H., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Doucette, S., & Hartling, N. (2014). Anxious attachment...
  • Shonkoff, J. P. (2010). Building a New Biodevelopmental Framework to Guide the Future of Early Childhood Policy. Child Development, 8, 357-367....
  • Simpson, J. A. (1999). Attachment Theory in Modern Evolutionary Perspective. In J. Cassidy & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment....
  • Slopen, N., Kubzansky, L. D., McLaughlin, K. A., & Koenen, K. C. (2013). Childhood adversity and inflammatory processes in youth: A prospective...
  • Steptoe, A., & Ayers, S. (2005). Stress, Health and Illness. In S. Sutton, A. Baum & M. Johnston (Eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Health...
  • Sterling, P. (2004). Principles of allostasis: optimal design, predictive regulation, pathophysiology, and rational therapeutics. In J. Schulkin...
  • Sterling, P., & Eyer, J. (1988). Allostasis: A new paradigm to explain arousal pathology. In S. Fisher & J. Reason (Eds.), Handbook...
  • Thompson, R. (2006). The development of the person: Social understanding, relationships, conscience, self. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook...
  • Uribe, M. (2006). Modelos conceptuales en medicina psicosomática. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 35(suppl 1), 7-20.
  • Van Houdenhove, B., & Luyten, P. (2010). Editorial comment: Chronic fatigue syndrome reflects loss of adaptability. Journal of Internal...
  • Van Ryzin, M. J., Chatham, M., Kryzer, E., Kertes, D. A., & Gunnar, M. R. (2009). Identifying atypical cortisol patterns in young children:...
  • Wallin, D. (2011). El Apego en Psicoterapia. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwer.
  • Weinfeld, N. S., Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. A. (1999). The Nature of Individual Differences in Infant-Caregiver Attachment....
  • Yamamoto, Y. (2013). Allostasis, Allostatic Load. In M. D. Gellman & J. R. Turner (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 68-69)....
  • Young, J., Klosko, J., & Weishaar, M. (2006). Schema Therapy. A practitioner's guide. New York: Guilford Publications.
  • Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (3rd ed.). Sarasota: Professional Resource Press/Professional...