Violencia grupal juvenil: una revisión crítica

• Autores: Bárbara Scandroglio, José María Martínez, María Jesús Martín, Jorge Santiago López Martínez, Antonio Martín, María del Carmen San José Sebastián, José M. Martín
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 14, Nº. Extra 1, 2002 (Ejemplar dedicado a: Especial Violencia), págs. 6-15
• Idioma: español
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Group violence in young people: A critical review
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 13 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Este trabajo presenta una revisión crítica del conocimiento existente acerca de los factores psico-sociales que se relacionan con la violencia grupal juvenil. Partiendo de un breve análisis de la evidencia empírica sobre la dimensión y evolución que el fenómeno de la violencia juvenil mantiene en el ámbito occidental, , se revisan los resultados referidos a los factores individuales y a lo ámbitos de socialización primaria y secundaria. Al hallarse dicha conducta propiciada y mantenida en el contexto grupal, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de interpretar la capacidad predisponente de los factores individuales en función de la influencia de los ámbitos de socialización, cobrando especial importancia la capacidad del grupo de iguales para responder adaptativamente a los desafíos evolutivos, cincunstancias o estructurales. El trabajo plantea diferentes reflexiones que facilitan la interpretación de los resultados contradictorios o polémicos generados en relación con algunos factores y ofrece, a su vez, diversas sugerencias para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones.

  • English

    This article presents a critical review of existing knowledge about psycho-social factors related to group violence in young people. Considering empirical evidence on the extent and development of this phenomenon in Western society, results related to individual factors and to primary and secondary socialization sources are reviewed. Given that this type of violence is stimulated and maintained within the peer-group context, it is necessary to understand the predispositional role of individual factors in relation to the influence of primary socialization sources. In this regard, the capacity of the peer group to respond adaptively to developmental, circumstantial and structural challenges is of particular relevance. The article also discusses possible interpretations of some contradictory and controversial results, and offers suggestions for future lines of research.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Adán Revilla, M.T. (1996), Imágenes, estilos y conflictos de las subculturas juveniles en España: ultras y skinheads. Oviedo: Ediciones Nobel.
  • Banks, I W. y Wilson, P, {1989). Appropiate sex education for black teens. Adolescence. 24. 233-45.
  • Baumrind, D. { [985). Familial antecedents of adolescent drug use: a developmental persepctive. Etiology of drug abuse. Meryfand, NlDA Rockville:...
  • Berkowítz, L (1984). Some thoughts on anti- and prosocial intluence of media events: A cognitive-neoassociation analysis. Psychological Bulletin,...
  • Bjerregaard, B. y Smith, C. (1993). Gender Differences in Gang Participation Delinquency, and Substance Use, Journal of Quantitative Criminology,...
  • Block, J.H., Block, J. y Gjerde, P,F (1986). The personalíty of children prior lo divorce: A prospective study. Chíld Development, 57. 827-40.
  • Bosch-Marín, J. Cre5po Vasco, J. y Saez Crespo. F (1987). Estudio del consumo de bebidas alcohólicas en la juventud Madrileña. Madrid: Asociación...
  • Bowker. L y Klein, M.W, (1983). The etiology of female juvenile delinquency and gang memership: A test of psychologícal and social extructural...
  • Brayan, J.W, y Freed, F.W. (1982). Corporal punishment: Normative data and sociological and psychological correlates in a communíty college...
  • Brown, W.K. (1977). Black female gangs in Philadelphia. lnternational Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 21, 221-28.
  • Bryant, J, Carveth, RA y Brown, D. (l 981), Television viewing and anxiety: An experimental examination, Journal of Communication, 31,106-19.
  • Campart, M. y Lindstrom, P. ( 1997). lntimidación y violencia en las escuelas suecas. Una reseña sobre investigación y política preventiva,...
  • Campbell, H, A. (1991). The girls in the Gang (2ª ed. Orig, 1984). Cambridge. MA: Basil Blackwell.
  • Campbell, S.B,. Pierce, E.W., Moore,. G,, Marakovitz, S. y Newby, K.(1996). Boys externalizing problems at elementary school age; Pathways...
  • Centerwall, B.S. (1984), Race socioeconomics status, and domestic homicide: Atlanta, 1971-72, American Jounal of Public Health, 74, 813-815.
  • Caspi, A. y Moffit, T.E. (1995). The continuity of maladaptive behavior: From description to understanding in the study of antisocial behavior....
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1997). National Summary of lnjury Mortality Data 1985-1995. Atlanta, GA: National Center for Injury...
  • Clemente, M. (1986). Análisis de la etiqueta 'delincuente como criterio clasificatorio en una muestra de mujeres. Revista de Psicología...
  • Cloward, R.A. y Ohlin, LE. (1960). Delinquency and Opportunity: A theory of delinquent gangs. New York: Free Press.
  • Cohen, P. y Brook, J.S. (1995). Family factors related to the persistance of psychopathology in childhood and adolescence. Psychiatry, 50,...
  • Cook, P. J_ y Laub, J. H. (1998). The unprecedented epidemic in youth violence. En M. Tonry y M.H. Moore (eds.), Youth violence. Crime and...
  • Deater-Decard, K. y Dodge, K.A. (1997). Externalizing behavior problems and discipline revisited: Nonlinear effects and variation by culture,...
  • Delegación del Gobierno en Madrid (1998). Hechos denunciados procedentes de grupos violentos. Comunicación personal.
  • Delegación del Gobierno en Madrid (2001). Estadísticas policiales presentadas en el Consejo Regional de Seguridad. Comunicación personal.
  • Díaz-Aguado, M.J. (1996). La prevención de la violencia. Temas para el Debate, 14.
  • Dirección General de Política Interior (1996). Violencia Urbana. Causas y estrategias de actuación. Ministerio de Justicia e Interior. Secretaría...
  • Dishion, T.J. y Patterson, G.R. (1997). The timing and severity of antisocial behavior: Three hypotheses within an ecological framework. En...
  • Dishion, T.J., Paterson, G.R. y Griesler, P.C. (1994). Peer adaptation in the development of antisocial behavior: A confluence model. En L.R....
  • Dodge, K.A. (1990). Mechanism in the Cycle of Violence. Science, 250,1678-83.
  • Doob, A.N. y Sprott, J.B. (1998): Is the <
  • Drabman, R.S. y Thomas, M.H. (1974). Does media violence increase children's toleration of real-life aggression? Developmental Psychology,...
  • DuRant, R.H., Cadenhead, C .. Pendergrast, R.A., Slavens, G. y Linder, C.W. (1994). Factors Associated with the Use of Violence among Urban...
  • Elder, G.H., Jr. (1995). The Life course paradigm: Social change and individual development. En P. Moch, G.H. Elder, Jr. y K. Luscher (eds.),...
  • Elliot. D.S., Huizinga, D. y Ageton, S. ( 1985). Explaining Delinquency and Drug Use. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Elzo, J., Orizo, F.A, González-Anleo, J., González, P., Laespada M.T. y Salazar, L. (1999). Jóvenes españoles 99. Madrid: Fundación Santa...
  • Emler, N. y Reicher S. (1995). Adolescence and delinquency. Oxford: Blackwell Pubblischers.
  • Enesco, l. y Sierra, P. ( 1994). La violencia en la televisión. Breve revisión de los estudios. Infancia y sociedad, 27/28, 135-45.
  • Eron, L.D., Huesmann, L.R., Brice, P., Fischer, P. y Mennelstein, R. (1983). Age trends in the development of aggression, sex-typing and...
  • Esbensen, F., Thornberry, T.P. )' Huizinga, D. ( 1991 ). Gangs. En D. Huizinga, R. Loeber y T.P. Thornberry (eds), Urban Delinquency and...
  • Fagan, J. (1990). Social processes of delinquency and drug use among urban gangs. En C.R. Huff (ed.), Gangs in American (pp. 183-219). Beverly...
  • Felson, R.B., Liska, A.E., South, S.J. y McNulty, T.L. (1994). The subculture of violence and delinquency: Individual vs. School context effects....
  • Fox, K.J. (1982). Real Punks and Pretenders: The Social Organization of a Counter-culture. Jounal of Contemporary Ethnography, 16(3), 344-370.
  • Funes, J. (1990). Violencia juvenil y medios de comunicación, un viejo debate. Prevenció, 11, 1994.
  • Goldstein, A. (1991). Delinquents Gangs: A Psychological Perspective. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
  • Gorsky, J.D. y Pilotto, L. (1993). Interpersonal Violence Among Youth: A Challenge for School Personnel. Educational Psychology Review, 5(1...
  • Gottfredson, M. e Hirschi, T. (1990). A general theory of crime. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Univerity Press.
  • Graham, J. y Utting, D. (1996). Families, schools and criminology prevention. En T. Bennett (ed.), Preventing crime and disorder (pp. 385-416)....
  • Hagedorn, J.M. (1988). People and Folks: Gang, Crime and the Underclass in a Rust Belt City. Chicago: Lake View Press.
  • Hartford, M.E. (1971). Groups in Social Work. New York: Columbia University press.
  • Hirschi, T. ( 1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Hirschi, T. y Gottfredson, M. (1983). Age and the explanation of crime. American Journal of Sociology, 42, 571-87.
  • Jackson, S.M. (1999). Issue in the dating violence research: a review of the literature. Agression and Violent Behavior, 4(2), 233-247.
  • Jansyn, L.R. (1966). Solidarity and delinquency in a street comer group. American Sociolocigal Review, 31, 600-14.
  • Johnson, R.E. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency and lts Origins. Cambridge: Cambridge Univerity Press.
  • Junger-Tas, J. (1996). Youth and Violence in Europe. Stuidies on Crime and Crime Prevention, 1(5), 31-58.
  • Junger-Tas, J., Terlow G.J. y Klein M.W. (1994). Delinquent behavior among young people in the Western World: First results of the international...
  • Kandel, D.B. y Wu, P. (1995). Disentanglin mother-child effects in the development of antisocial behavior. En J. McCord (ed.), Coercion and...
  • Kaplan, H.B. (1975a). Self-actitudes and deviant behavior. Pacific Palisades, CA: Goodyear.
  • Kaplan, H.B. ( 1980). Deviant behavior in defense of self. New York: Academic Press.
  • Klein, M.W. (1971). Street gangs and street workers. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Klein, M.W. y Maxon, C. (1989). Street gang violence. En M.E. Wolfagang y N.A. Weiner (eds.), Violent crime, violent criminals (pp. 198-234)....
  • Lasley, J.R. (1992). Age, social context, and street gang membership. Youth & Society, 23(4), 434-451.
  • Lo, T.W. (1993). Neutralisation of group control in youth gangs. Groupwork, 6, 51-63.
  • López Coira, M.Mª. ( 1987). Factores familiares y delincuencia. En V. Sancha, M. Clemente, y J.J. Miguel (eds.), Delincuencia. Teoría e investigación...
  • Lowry, R., Sleet. D., Duncan, C., Powell, K. y Kolbe, L. (1995). Adolescent at Risk for Violence. Educational Psychology, 7, 7-39.
  • Martín González, A., Martínez García, J.M., López Martínez, J.S., Martín López. Mª.J. y Martín Carrasco, J.Mª. (1998). Comportamientos de...
  • Maynard, R.A. ( 1997). Kids having kids: Economic cost and social consequences of teen pregnancy. Washington, DC: Urban Institut Pess.
  • Miller. W.B., Geertz, H. y Cutter, H.S.G (1961). Aggression in a Boy. Street-Corner Group. Psychiatriy, 24. 283-98.
  • Mills. T.M. (1984). The Sociology of Small Groups. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Mooji, T. (1997), Safer at School. Summarising report for the EU conference, Utrecht.
  • Moore, J.W. (1991). Going Down to the Barrio: Homeboy and Homegirls in Change, Philadelphia, PA: Temple Univerity Press.
  • Moore, J.W. y Vígil. J.D. (1969). Chicago gangs; Group norms and individual factors related to adult criminality. Aztlan, 18, 27-44.
  • Muñoz F. (1991). El rol de los grupos de referencia en la constitución del comportamiento desviado. Cuadernos de realidades sociales, 37/38,...
  • National Council for Dime Prevention (1996). Studies on Crime. Prevention1(5).
  • National Research Council (1993). Understanding anti Preventing Violence.Washington, D.C: National Academy Press.
  • New York City Board (1960). Reaching the fighting gang. New York. Author.
  • Northen. H, (1988), Social Work with Groups. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Orpinas, P . Basen-Engquist, K. Grunbaum, J.A. y Parce], G.S. (1995).The Co-Morbidity of Violence-Related Behaviors with Healt-Risk Behaviors...
  • Palermo, G.R y Simpson, D. (1994). At the roots of violence. The Progressive decline and dissolution of the family. lnternational Journal...
  • Patterson, G.R, Reid, J.B. y Dishion, T.J. (l992). Antisocial Boys: A Social international Approach. Eugene, O: Castilia Publishing Company.
  • Revista del Instituto de la Juventud (1995), ¿Juventud violenta? 9, II Etapa.
  • Rice. R, (1963). A report at large: The Persian queens. The New Yorker, 39, 135-87.
  • Richman, C.L. Clark, M.L y Brown, K.P. (1985). General and specific self-esteem in late adolescent student: race by gender by SES cffects....
  • Riley, D. y Shaw, M. (1985), Parental supervision and juvenile delinquency, London: HMSO.
  • Rodríguez, F.J. y Paino S.G. (1994). Violencia y desviación social: bases y análisis para la intervención. Psicothema. 6(2),229-244.
  • Rodríguez., O. y Zayas, L.H. (1990). Hispanic adolescents and antisocial behavior: Sociocultural factors and treatment implications. En A.E....
  • Rosenberg, F.R. y Rosenberg. M. (1978). Self-esteem and delinquency, Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 20, 555-66.
  • Rowe, D.C., Woldbroun, EJ. y Gulley, RL, (1994b). Peers and friend as nonshared enviromental influence. En E.M. Heterington, D. Reiss y R....
  • Rutter, M., Giller, H. y Hagell, A. ( 1998). Antisocial behavior by joung people.Carnbidge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Saits, C, Lindholm, B.W, y Ducan, S. (1995). Predictive variables of violent behavior in adolescent male, Youth & Society, 26(3), 377-99.
  • Sarnecki, J.F. (1990). Delinquent Networks in Sweden. Journal of Quantitatie Criminology, 6, 31-50.
  • Sellarés, R. ()997). El fenómeno de la violencia juvenil: dimensiones para su análisis. Prevencíó, 11, 49-66.
  • Short, J.F. y Strodtbeck, E (1965). Group Process and Gang Delínquency. Chicago: Univerity of Chicago Press.
  • Snyder, H. N. y Sickmund, M, (1999). Juvenile offenders and victims. (1999). Nationat Report (NCJ 178257). Washington, DC; U.S. Department...
  • Snyder, HN ., Slckmund. M y Poe-Yamagata, E, (]996). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1996 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile...
  • Sommers. l. y Baskin, D.R. (1994). Factors related to famale adolescent initiation into violent street crime. Youth & Society. 25. 468-89.
  • Spergel, l.A. (I990a). Youth gangs: Continuity and change. En M. Tonry y N. Morris (eds.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research. (vol....
  • Thomberry, T.P. y Krhon, M.D. (1997). Peers, drug use, and delinquency. En D. Stoff, J. Breiling y J. Maser (eds.), Handbook of antisocial...
  • Thornberry, T.P., Krohn, M.D .. Lizotte. A.J. y Chard-Wierschem. D. (1993b). The role of juvenile gangs in facilitating delinquent behavior....
  • Trascher, F.M, (1963). The Gang. A Study of 1313 gangs in Chicago (Orig. 1926). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Trickett, A. y McBride-Chang, C. ( 1995), The developmental impact of different form of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Review, 15,311-37.
  • Truscott, D. (1992). Intergenerational trasmission of violent behavior in adolescent males. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 327-35.
  • Vega, B. (1987). La escuela. En F. de la Garza (dir.}, La cultura del menor infractor (pp. 29-39,l. México: Trillas.
  • Walgrave, L. y Mehlbye, J.(l 998). Confronting Yourh in Europe. Juvenile Crime and Juvenile Justice. Copenague: AKF.
  • Wang, A.Y, (1994). Pride and prejudice in high school gang members. Adolescence, 29{114), 279-291.
  • Warr, M. y Stafford, M, {1991). The influence of delinquent peers: What they think or what they do. Criminology, 29, 851-65.
  • Wells, LE. y Rankin, J.H. (1983). Seff-concept as a mediating factor in delinquency.Social Psychology Quartely, 46, 11-22.
  • White, J.L ., Moffit, T.E., Earls, S., Robins, L, y Silva, P.A. (1990). How early can we tell? Prediction of childhood conduct disorder and...
  • Widom, C.S. (1989}. The cycle of violence. Science, 244, 160-66.
  • Williams, K.R. (1984). Economic sources of homicide: Reestimating the effects of poverty and inequality, American Sociological Review, 49,...
  • Winfree, L.T., Vigil Backstróm, T. y Mays. G.L. (1994). Social learning theory, self-reported delinquency, and youth gangs. Youth & Society,...
  • Willfree, LT., Fuller, K., Vigil, T. y Mays, G.L. (1992), The definition and mesurement of 'gang status': Policy inplications for...
  • Wolkind, S. y Rushton, A. (1994). Residencial and foster family care. En Rutter, E. Taylor y L. Hersov {eds,), Child and adolescent psychiatric:...
  • Young, M., Werch, C.E. y Bakema, D. (1989), Area specific self-esteem scales and substance use among elementary and middle school children....
  • Zuckerman, D. y Zuckerman, B. (1985}. Television's. Pediatrics, 75, 233-40.