Propuestas para un enfoque transdiagnóstico de los trastornos mentales y del comportamiento: Evidencia, utilidad y limitaciones

• Autores: Amparo Belloch Fuster
• Localización: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica, ISSN 1136-5420, Vol. 17, Nº. 3, 2012, págs. 295-311
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5944/rppc.vol.17.num.3.2012.11845
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Proposals for a transdiagnostic perspective of mental and behavioural disorders: Evidence, usefulness, and limitations
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 31 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Las elevadas tasas de comorbilidad y covariación entre los diversos trastornos mentales constituyen una de las limitaciones más importantes de los actuales sistemas de diagnóstico psiquiátrico, que además están basados en categorías definidas por sus características clínicas y no en supuestos etiológicos. Estas limitaciones se ponen especialmente de manifiesto en el caso de los trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos, y se producen también en los trastornos alimentarios. La acumulación de evidencias sobre el solapamiento de síntomas ha llevado a sugerir la existencia de dimensiones patológicas comunes y compartidas entre los diferentes trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos y a proponer un enfoque transdiagnóstico para estos trastornos. Paralelamente, se han propuesto tratamientos transdiagnósticos para los trastornos emocionales, que se centran en las comunalidades observadas más que en sus diferencias. Este artículo analiza algunas de las dimensiones comunes a los trastornos emocionales que cuentan con evidencia empírica, así como su utilidad y limitaciones a la hora de avanzar en la comprensión de la psicopatología de esos trastornos y las implicaciones para un tratamiento transdiagnóstico.

  • English

    The high rates of comorbidity and cross-sectional covariation between disorders are one of the main limitations of current psychiatric diagnostic approaches, which moreover are based on categories defined by clinical features rather than assumptions about etiology. These limitations are especially manifest as regards anxiety and depressive disorders, and also are evident in eating disorders. The accumulating evidence on symptom overlap has led several authors to suggest the existence of common and shared pathology dimensions across anxiety and depressive disorders, postulating a transdiagnostic approach to these disorders. At the same time, transdiagnostic treatments for emotional disorders have been proposed focusing on the observed commonalities instead of thedifferences. This article examines some of the empirically supported common dimensions of emotional disorders, their usefulness and limitations in further understanding the psychopathology of those disorders, and the implications of a transdiagnostic treatment.

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