Relations between Life Satisfaction, Adjustment to Illness, and Emotional Distress in a Sample of Men with Ischemic Cardiopathy

• María Angeles Ruiz Fernández ^[1] ; Pilar Sanjuán Suárez ^[1] ; Ana María Pérez García ^[1] ; Beatriz Rueda ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

     Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia

     Madrid, España

     
• Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Vol. 14, Nº. 1, 2011, págs. 356-365
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.5209/rev_sjop.2011.v14.n1.32
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Cincuenta y dos varones que acababan de sufrir algún episodio de cardiopatía isquémica por primera vez informaron del grado de satisfacción con su vida, las estrategias empleadas para ajustarse a la enfermedad y los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión que sentían. Los análisis de regresión múltiple realizados mostraron que el malestar emocional se asociaba con una menor satisfacción vital; y en el caso de la ansiedad, se añadía una tendencia a utilizar en mayor medida estrategias negativas de ajuste. Finalmente, se obtuvo una interacción significativa satisfacción vital x tipo de ajuste a la enfermedad, indicando que los pacientes más satisfechos utilizaban más el ajuste adaptativo que los menos satisfechos, y tendían a utilizar menos que estos últimos el ajuste negativo. Puede concluirse que la satisfacción predice el bienestar emocional de los pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica, facilitando la puesta en marcha de estrategias más adecuadas ante la enfermedad. Además se sugiere la posibilidad de que el nivel de satisfacción pueda variar con el tiempo a medida que la enfermedad limite metas importantes para el individuo.

  • English

    Fifty-two men who had suffered a first episode ischemic heart disease reported their degree of life satisfaction, the strategies they used to adjust to the illness, and the symptoms of anxiety and depression they felt. The multiple regression analyses carried out indicated that emotional distress was associated with a lower level of life satisfaction. In the analyses of anxiety symptoms, the use of negative adjustment strategies was also a significant predictor. Lastly, a significant Life Satisfaction x Type of Adjustment interaction was obtained. According to this, the patients who felt more satisfaction with their lives used more positive strategies to adjust to the illness and fewer negative ones, than the group of patients who were less satisfied. In conclusion, life satisfaction predicts emotional well-being of patients with ischemic heart disease and it enhances the implementation of appropriate strategies to cope with the disease. Moreover, although life satisfaction has been considered a stable measure, we suggest it may change as the experience of illness limits individuals' important goals.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Agarwal, M., Dalal, A., Agarwal, D., & Agarwal, R. (1995). Positive life orientation and recovery from myocardial infarction. Social Science...
  • Anderson, G. (1996). The benefits of optimism: A meta-analytic review of the Life Orientation Test. Personality and Individual Differences,...
  • Baron, R., & Kenny, D. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and...
  • Blumenthal, J., Lett, H., Babyak, M., White, W., Smith, P., Mark, D. B., Newman M. F. (2003). Depression as a risk factor for mortality after...
  • Bush, D. E., Ziegelstein, R., Tayback, M., Richter, D., Steven, S., Zahalsky, H., & Fauerbach, J.A. (2001). Even minimal symptoms of depression...
  • Carney, R., Freedland, K., Miller, G., & Jaffe, A. (2002). Depression as a risk factor for cardiac mortality and morbidity: A review of...
  • Carney, R., Freedland, K., Sheline, Y., & Weiss, E. (1997). Depression and coronary heart disease: A review for cardiologists. Clinical...
  • Carver, C., Pozo, C., Harris, S., Noriega, V., Scheier, M., Robinson, D., Clark, K. (1993). How coping mediates the effect of optimism on...
  • Cordova, M., Cunningham, L., Carlson, C., & Andrykowski, M. (2001). Posttraumatic growth following breast cancer: A controlled comparison...
  • Cummins, R. (1996). The domains of life satisfaction: An attempt to order chaos. Social Indicator Research, 38, 303-332. doi:10.1007/BF00292050
  • Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55, 34-43. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34.
  • Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49,...
  • Diener, E., Lucas, R., & Oishi, S. (2002). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and life satisfaction. In C. R. Snyder &...
  • Dubey, A., & Agarwal, A. (2007). Coping strategies and life satisfaction: Chronically ill patients' perspectives. Journal of the Indian...
  • Everson-Rose, S. A., & Lewis, T. T. (2005). Psychosocial factors and cardiovascular diseases. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 469-500....
  • Ferrrero, J., Barreto, M., & Toledo, M. (1994). Mental adjustment to cancer and quality of life in breast cancer patients: An exploratory...
  • Fredrickson, B. (2002). Positive emotions. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 120-134). London:...
  • Gallo, L., Ghaed, S., & Bracken, W. (2004). Emotions and cognitions in coronary heart disease: Risk, resilience, and social context. Cognitive...
  • Glassman, A., & Shapiro, P. (1998). Depression and the course of coronary artery disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 4-11.
  • Goodwin, R., Davidson, K., & Keyes, K. (2009). Mental disorders and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States. Journal...
  • Gravely-Witte, S., De Gucht, V., Heiser, W., Grace, S., & Van Elderen, T. (2007). The impact of angina and cardiac history on health-related...
  • Hart, K. E., Turner, S. H., & Cardozo, S. R. (1987). Ongoing research. Stress, personality, coping and well-being: A four-wave longitudinal...
  • Hemingway, H., & Marmot, M. (1999). Evidence-based cardiology: Psychosocial factors in the etiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease:...
  • Holmbeck, G. (2002). Post-hoc probing of significant moderation and mediational effects in studies of pediatric populations. Journal of Pediatric...
  • Keyes, C. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43, 207-222....
  • Keyes, C. (2004). The nexus of cardiovascular disease and depression revisited: The complete mental health perspective and the moderating...
  • Keyes, C., & Lopez, S. J. (2002). Toward a science of mental health: Positive directions in diagnosis and interventions. In C. R. Snyder...
  • Kuppens, P., Realo, A., & Diener, E. (2008). The role of positive and negative emotions in life satisfaction judgment across nations....
  • Leedham, B., Meyerowitz, B., Muirhead, J., & Frist, W. (1995). Positive expectations predict health after heart transplantation. Health...
  • Martin, C., Thompson, D., & Barth, J. (2008). Factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in coronary heart disease...
  • Matthews, K., Raikkonen, K., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., & Kuller, L. (2004). Optimistic attitudes protect against progression of carotid atherosclerosis...
  • Medrano, M., Boix, R., Cerrato, E., & Ramírez, M. (2006). Incidencia y prevalencia de cardiopatía isquémica y enfermedad cerebrovascular...
  • Moser, D., & Dracup, K. (1996). Is anxiety early after myocardial infarction associated with subsequent ischemic and arrhythmic events?...
  • Musselman, D., Evans, D., & Nemeroff, C. (1998). The relationship of depression to cardiovascular disease: Epidemiology, biology, and...
  • Penninx, B., Beekman, A., Honig, A., Deeg, D., Schooevers, R., Van Eijk, J., & Van Tilburg, W. (2001). Depression and cardiac mortality:...
  • Pérez-García, A. M., & Sanjuán, P. (2003). Personalidad y enfermedad [Personality and disease]. In J. Bermúdez, A. M. Pérez-García, &...
  • Rojas, M. (2006). Life satisfaction and satisfaction in domains: Is it a simple relationship? Journal of Happiness Studies, 7, 467-497. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9009-2
  • Rozanski, A., & Kubzansky, L. (2005). Psychological functioning and physical health: A paradigm of flexibility. Psychosomatic Medicine,...
  • Rueda, B. (2004). Competencia percibida y salud: aproximación general y aplicación a la enfermedad cardiovascular [Perceived competence and...
  • Rueda, B., & Pérez-García, A. M. (2006). A prospective study of the effects of psychological resources and depression in essential hypertension....
  • Ruiz, M. A., & Baca, E. (1993). Design and validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire (Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida, CCV): A generic...
  • Scheier, M., Matthews, J., Owens, J., Magovern, G., Lefebvre, R., Abbott, R., & Carver, C. (1989). Dispositional optimism and recovery...
  • Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., Furr, R., & Funder, D. (2004). Personality and life satisfaction: A facet-level analysis. Personality and Social...
  • Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5
  • Smith, T. W., & MacKenzie, J. (2006). Personality and risk of physical illness. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2, 435-467. doi:10.1146/annurev....
  • Sobel, M. (1988). Direct and indirect effects in linear structural equation models. In J. Long (Ed.), Common problem/proper solutions: Avoiding...
  • Suls, J., & Bunde, J. (2005). Anger, anxiety, and depression as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The problems and implications...
  • Stanton, A., Revenson, T., & Tennen, H. (2007). Health psychology: Psychological adjustment to chronic disease. Annual Review of Psychology,...
  • Todaro, J., Shen, B., Raffa, S., Tilkemeier, P., & Niaura, R. (2007). Prevalence of anxiety disorders in men and women with established...
  • Vinaccia, S., Quiceno, J. M., Gaviria, A. M., & Dey Garzón, M. I. (2008). Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en adultos diagnosticados...
  • Watson, M., & Homwood, J. (2008). Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale: Psychometric properties in a large cancer cohort. Psycho-Oncology,...
  • Watson, M., Greer, S., Young, J., Inayat, Q., Burgess, C., & Robertson, C. (1988). Development of a questionnaire measure of adjustment...
  • World Health Organization (2007). Fact sheet no 317. Retrieved from http://www.int/mediacentre/factsheet/fs317/en/ptint.html
  • Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica. Scandinavica, 67, 361-370. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983....