Autismo "Recuperación (a la normalidad)" y las Políticas de la Esperanza

• Autores: Alicia A. Broderick
• Localización: Siglo Cero: Revista Española sobre Discapacidad Intelectual, ISSN 2530-0350, Vol. 41, Nº 236, 4, 2010, pág. 33
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 2 Citas
• Resumen

  • Este artículo se basa en las tradiciones del análisis crítico del discurso (N. Fairclough, 1995, 2001; M. Foucault, 1972,, 1980; J. P. Gee, 1999) al examinar críticamente la formación discursiva de lo definido como “recuperación” de la condición de autismo, según el método del “Análisis de Conducta Aplicado” (ABA) y su relación con los constructos de esperanza. Constituida principalmente sobre el trabajo de O. I. Lovaas (1987) y de C. Maurice (1993), y central al discurso del ABA sobre la recuperación, ha sido la construcción de una particular visión de esperanza que posee al menos dos elementos integrales conceptuales: (a) La esperanza de recuperación dentro del discurso del ABA se construye en oposición binaria al sentimiento de desesperanza, y (b) La recuperación en el discurso del ABA se construye discursivamente como “recuperación (a la normalidad)”. La autora analiza estos dos textos cruciales del ABA dentro del contexto de un análisis de otros usos del término “recuperación” en otros ámbitos má amplios del campo de la literatura: (a) dentro del ámbito de la literatura previa sobre autismo, en particular autobiografías, y (b) dentro de la literatura emanada del movimiento de los supervivientes de la psiquiatría. Si de verdad las visiones de esperanza son las que informan la política educativa y la toma de decisiones, este análisis se dirige a la contundente pregunta de S. Danforth (1997): “¿En qué se basa la espranza?”, y afirma que los compromisos morales y políticos deberían ser las fuentes centrales de las visiones de esperanza y que, por tanto, deberían dictaminar la política educativa y la toma de decisiones con respecto a niños pequeños etiquetados con autismo.

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