Cognitive schemas and aggressive behavior in adolescents: the mediating role of social information processing

• Esther Calvete Zumalde ^[1] ; Izaskun Orue Sola ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidad de Deusto

     Universidad de Deusto

     Bilbao, España

     
• Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Vol. 13, Nº. 1, 2010, págs. 190-201
• Idioma: inglés
• DOI: 10.1017/s1138741600003772
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 9 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    Este estudio evalúa las asociaciones entre los esquemas cognitivos de justificación de la violencia, grandiosidad y abuso, y la conducta agresiva reactiva y proactiva, así como si esta asociación está mediada por el procesamiento de la información social (SIP). Con este fin, 1371 adolescentes completaron medidas de esquemas cognitivos, SIP y agresividad reactiva y proactiva. Los resultados mostraron que los esquemas cognitivos de justificación de la violencia y narcisismo son más relevantes para la agresividad proactiva, mientras que el esquema de abuso lo es para la agresividad reactiva. El SIP medió especialmente la asociación entre los esquemas y la agresividad reactiva. Cada esquema cognitivo se asoció con un componente del SIP: la justificación de la violencia y el abuso con el componente de interpretación, y el narcisismo con la experiencia de enfado. Además, el esquema de abuso estuvo negativamente asociado a la selección de respuesta agresiva. Finalmente, se encontró que el modelo general de asociaciones entre esquemas, SIP y agresividad era similar para chicos y chicas, aunque los primeros puntuaron más alto en agresividad proactiva, debido, parcialmente, a sus mayores puntuaciones en los esquemas de justificación de la violencia y narcisismo.

  • English

    This study assesses the association between cognitive schemas of justification of violence, grandiosity and abuse, and reactive and proactive aggressive behavior, and whether this association is mediated by social information processing (SIP). For this purpose, a sample of 1371 adolescents (638 girls and 580 boys) completed measures of cognitive schemas, SIP, and Reactive-Proactive Aggression. The results showed that the cognitive schemas of justification of violence and narcissism are more relevant for proactive aggression, whereas the abuse schema is more relevant for reactive aggression. SIP mediated particularly the association between cognitive schemas and reactive aggression. Each cognitive schema was shown to be associated with some particular SIP component: justification of violence and abuse with the component of interpretation, and narcissism with the experience of anger. Moreover, the abuse schema was negatively associated with the selection of aggressive responses. Lastly, a general model of paths between schemas, SIP, and aggression was found to be quite similar for boys and girls, although the former scored higher in proactive aggression, partly because of their higher scores in the justification of violence and narcissism schemas.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Abad, J., Forns, M., & Gómez, J. (2002). Emotional and behavioral problems as measured by the YSR: Gender and age differences in Spanish...
  • Achenbach, T. M., & Rescorla, L. A. (2001). Manual for ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont. Research...
  • Barry, T. D., Thompson, A., Barry, C. T., Lochman, J. E., Adler, K., & Hill, K. (2007). The importance of narcissism in predictingproactive...
  • Baumeister, R. F., Bushman, B. J., & Campbell, W. K. (2000). Self-esteem, narcissism, and aggression: Does violence result from low self-esteem...
  • Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high...
  • Beck, A. T. (1976). Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Madison, WI: International Universities Press.
  • Burks, V.S., Laird, R. D., Dodge, K. A., Perth, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (1999). Knowledge structures, social information processing, and...
  • Bushman, B. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1998). Threatened egotism, narcissism, self-esteem, and direct and displaced aggression: Does self-love...
  • Calvete, E. (2007). Justification of violence beliefs and social problem-solving as mediators between maltreatment and behavior problems in...
  • Calvete, E. (2008). Justification of violence and grandiosity schemas as predictors of antisocial behavior in adolescents. Journal of Abnormal...
  • Calvete, E., & Cardefloso, O. (2005). Gender differences in cognitive vulnerability to depression and behavior problems in adolescents....
  • Calvete, E., & Connor-Smith, J. (2005). Automatic thoughts and psychological symptoms: A cross-cultural comparison of American and Spanish...
  • Calvete, E., Estévez, A., & Corral, S. (2007). Intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms in women: Cognitive schemas as moderators...
  • Calvete, E., Estevez, A., Lopez de Arroyabe, E., & Ruiz, P. (2005). The Schema Questionnaire-Short form: Structure and relationship with...
  • Calvete, E., & Orue, I. (2009). Evaluación del procesamiento de la información social en adolescentes españoles y su asociación con la...
  • Cardẽoso, O., & Calvete, E. (2004). Desarrollo del Inventario de Creencias Irracionales para adolescentes. Psicologia Conductual, 12,...
  • Camodeca, M., & Goossens, F. A. (2005). Aggression, social cognitions, anger and sadness in bullies and victims. Journal of Child Psychology...
  • Cerezo Ramírez, F. (2006). Análisis comparativo de variables socio-afectivas diferenciales entre los implicados enbullying. Estudio de un...
  • Cid, J., Tejero, A., & Torrubia, R. (1997). Adaptación española del Cuestionario de Esquemas de Young (Spanish version of the Young Schema...
  • Cid, J., & Torrubia, R. (2002, September). Schema as a construct in cognitive behavioral therapy: A study of psychometric validity using...
  • Connor, D. F., Steingard, R. J., Anderson, J. J., & Melloni, R. H. (2003). Gender differences in reactive and proactive aggression. Child...
  • Crick, N. R. (1996). Relational aggression: The role of intent attribution, feelings of distress and provocation type. Development and Psychopathology,...
  • Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). A review and reformulation of social information processing mechanisms in children's social adjustment....
  • Crick, N. R., & Dodge, K. A. (1996). Social information processing deficits in reactive and proactive aggression. Child Development, 67,...
  • Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. (1995). Relational aggression, gender and psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
  • Cummings, J. G., Pepler, D. J., & Moore, T. E. (1999). Behavior problems in children exposed to wife abuse. Gender differences. Journal...
  • Dobb, A. N., & Sprott, J. B. (1998). Is the "quality" of youth violence becoming more serious? Canadian Journal of Criminology,...
  • Dodge, K. A. (1986). A social information processing model of social competence in children. In M. Perlmutter (Ed.), The Minnesota Symposium...
  • Dodge, K. A. (1991). Emotion and social information processing. In J. Garber & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation...
  • Dodge, K. A., & Coie, J. D. (1987). Social information processing factors in reactive and proactive aggression in children's peer...
  • Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., & Lynam, D. (2006). Aggression and antisocial behavior. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.),...
  • Dodge, K. A., Lochman, J. E., Harnish, J. D., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (1997). Reactive and proactive aggression in school children...
  • Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S. (2003). Abiopsychological model of the development of chronic conduct problems in adolescence. Developmental...
  • Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Valente, E. (1995). Social information processing patterns partially mediate the effect of...
  • Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York: Chapman Hall.
  • Emmons, R. A. (1984). Factor analysis and construct validation of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment,...
  • Frodi, A., Macaulay, J., & Thome, P. R. (1977). Are women always less aggressive than men? A review of the experimental literature. Psychological...
  • Guerre, N. G., Huesmann, L. R., & Spindler, A. (2003). Community violence exposure, social cognition, and aggression among urban elementary-school...
  • Hanish, L. D., & Guerre, N. G. (2004). Aggressive victims, passive victims, and bullies: Developmental continuity or developmental change?...
  • Henry, D., Guerre, N. G., Huesmann, L. R., Tolan, P. H., VanAcker, R., & Eron, L. D. (2000). Normative influences on aggression in urban...
  • Hoyle, R. H., & Panter, A. T. (1995). Writing about structural equation models. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling (pp....
  • Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives....
  • Huesmann, L. R. (1988). An information processing model for the development of aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 13-24.
  • Huesmann, L. R., & Guerre, N. G. (1997). Children's normative beliefs about aggression and aggressive behavior. Journal of Personality...
  • Hughes, J., Cavell, T., & Grossman, P. (1997). A positive view of self: Risk or protection for aggressive children? Development and Psychopathology,...
  • Jaffe, P., Wolfe, D. A., Telford, A., & Austin, G. (1986). The impact of police charges in incidents of wife abuse. Journal of Family...
  • Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2006). LISREL 8.8. Scientific Software International, Inc.
  • Keenan, K., & Shaw, D.S. (2003). Starting at the beginning: Exploring the etiology of antisocial behavior in the first years of life....
  • Keiley, M. K., Bates, J. E., Dodge, K. A., & Pettit, G. S. (2000). A cross-domain growth analysis: Externalizing and internalizing behaviors...
  • Keltikangas-Jarvinen, L. (2002). Aggressive problem-solving strategies, aggressive behavior, and social acceptance in early and late adolescence....
  • Kochenderfer, B. J., & Ladd, G. W. (1997). Victimized children's responses to peers' aggression: Behaviors associated with reduced...
  • Lansford, J. E., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2002). Developmental trajectories of reactive and proactive aggression:...
  • Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S., Dodge, K. A., Crozier, J. C., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2006). A 12-Year Prospective Study of Patterns...
  • Lemerise, E. A., & Arsenio, W. F. (2000). An integrated model of emotion processes and cognition in social information processing. Child...
  • Leschield, A. W., Cummings, A., Van Brunschot, M., Cunninghan, A., & Saunders, A. (2004). Female Adolescent Aggression: A Review of the...
  • Little, T. D., Siegers, D. W., & Card, N. A. (2006). A nonarbitrary method of identifying and scaling latent variables in SEM and MACS...
  • Lochman, J. E., & Dodge, K. A. (1994). Social-cognitive processes of severely violent, moderately aggressive and nonaggressive boys. Journal...
  • MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research,...
  • Maxwell, C. D., & Maxwell, S.R. (2003). Experiencing and witnessing familial aggression and their relationship to physically aggressive...
  • Muris, P. (2006). Maladaptive Schemas in Non-Clinical Adolescents: Relations to Perceived Parental Rearing Behaviours, Big Five Personality...
  • Nas, C. N., Orobio de Castro, B., & Koops, W. (2005). Social information processing in delinquent male adolescents. Psychology, Crime...
  • Nordahl, H. M., Holthe, H., & Haugum, J. A. (2005). Early maladaptive schemas in patients with or without personality disorders: does...
  • Orobio de Castro, B. (2000). Social information processing and emotion in antisocial boys. Amsterdam: PI Research.
  • Orobio de Castro, B., Merk, W., Koops, W., Veerman, J., & Bosch, J. D. (2005). Emotions in social information processing and their relations...
  • Orobio de Castro, B., Veerman, J. W., Koops, W., Bosch, J. D., & Monshouwer, H. J. (2002). Hostile attribution of intent and aggressive...
  • Pellegrini, A. D., Bartini, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation...
  • Prasad-Gaur, A., Hughes, J. N., & Cavell, T. (2001). Implications of aggressive children's positively biased relatedness views for...
  • Quiggle, N. L., Garber, J., Panak, F., & Dodge, K. A. (1992). Social information processing in aggressive and depressed children. Child...
  • Raine, A., Dodge, K. A., Loeber, R., Gatzke-Kopp, L., Lynam, D., Reynolds, C. Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Liu, J. (2006). The Reactive-Proactive...
  • Roland, E., & Idsoe, T. (2001). Aggression and bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 446-462.
  • Salmivalli, C. (2001). Feeling good about oneself, being bad to others? Remarks on self-esteem, hostility, and aggressive behavior. Aggression...
  • Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior,...
  • Schwartz, D., Dodge, K. A., Coie, J. D., Hubbard, J. A., Cillessen, A. H. N., Lemerise, E. A., & Bateman, H. (1998). Social cognitive...
  • Segal, Z. (1988). Appraisal of the self-schema: construct in cognitive models of depression. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 147-162.
  • Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1998). Reactive aggression among maltreated children: The contributions of attention and emotion dysregulation....
  • Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological...
  • Snyder, H. N., Sickmund, M., & Poe-Yamagata, E. (1996). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1996 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office...
  • Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Oldehinkel, A. J., De Winter, A. F., Verhulst, F. C., & Ormel, J. (2005). Bullying and victimization in...
  • Washburn, J. J., McMahon, S. D., King, C. A., Reinecke, M. A., & Silver, C. (2004). Narcissistic features in young adolescents: Relations...
  • Welburn, K., Coristine, M., Dagg, P., Pontefract, A., & Jordan, S. (2002). The Schema Questionnaire-Short Form: Factor analysis and relationship...
  • Werner, N., & Nixon, C. (2005). Normative beliefs and relational aggression: An investigation of the cognitive bases of adolescent aggressive...
  • Young, J. E. (1990). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
  • Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (3 ...
  • Zelli, A., Dodge, K. A., Lochman, J. E., Laird, R. D., & Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group (1999). The distinction between beliefs...