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In a classical mental rotation task, the subject has to define a reference system before carrying out the mental transformation. Any mistake in the determination of this system results in an error in the kind of transformation that is imagined. In the present experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the ability to define reference systems increased with age. We analysed the number of transformation errors made by 6- and 10-year-old children in two mental rotation tasks, using stimuli with and without salient axis (Courbois, 2000) . Results showed that these errors only occurred when the stimuli had no salient axis, and that the number of these errors decreased significantly with age.
