La agresión entre iguales en la educación secundaria obligatoria: tipología de conductas y diferencias entre los grupos

• Autores: María del Rosario Martínez Arias, Piedad Delgado
• Localización: Acción psicológica, ISSN 1578-908X, Vol. 4, Nº. 2, 2006 (Ejemplar dedicado a: La agresión en diferentes contextos), págs. 183-198
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5944/ap.4.2.486
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    En esta investigación se analizaron las características de los adolescentes pertenecientes a cuatro grupos que difieren en cuanto a los roles desempeñados en experiencias como víctimas y como agresores en el centro educativo. Los participantes fueron 745 adolescentes escolarizados en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (edad media = 14,27 años), que cumplimentaron un autoinforme sobre Experiencias de Víctimas y Agresión y un Inventario de Nominación de Compañeros. La tipología de sujetos fue obtenida por medio de la técnica de Análisis de Conglomerados en dos etapas y los grupos fueron identificados como no implicados, víctimas, agresores y víctimas agresivas. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por género y ciclo educativo en las experiencias como víctimas y agresores. Las comparaciones entre los grupos de la tipología mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la mayor parte de las variables: factores derivados de la Escala de Experiencias de víctima y agresor, atributos del Inventario de Nominación de Compañeros y en estatus sociométrico. Se encontraron consistentemente importantes diferencias con el grupo de víctimas agresivas. Los resultados indican la clara diferenciación de este subgrupo, así como su importancia teórica.

  • English

    This study examined the characteristics of adolescents including in four groups differing in their roles in victimization and aggression experiences at the school. The participants were 745 adolescents enrolled in compulsory secondary education (mean age = 14.27 years) who completed a self-report inventory on Victimisation and Aggression Experiences and a Peer Nomination Inventory. The typology of subjects was established by two-steps cluster analysis procedures, and the groups were identified as non-involved, victims, bullies, and aggressive victims. Grade and sex differences in aggression and victimization experiences were statistically significant. Comparisons of groups indicated significant differences in the most of variables: factors derived from the Scale of Victimisation and Aggression Experiences, attributes from the Peer Nomination Inventory, and sociometric status. Larger effects were consistently found for aggressive-victims group. The findings highlight the distinctiveness and theoretical importance of the aggressive-victim subgroup.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Bagwell, C.L., Coie, J.D., Terry, R.A., & Lochman, J.E. (2000). Peer clique participation and social status in preadolescence. Merrill-Palmer...
  • Boulton, M.J., & Smith, P.K. (1994). Bully/victim pro- blems in middle-school children: Stability, selfperceived competence, peer perceptions,...
  • Boulton, M.J., & Underwood, K. (1992). Bully victim problems among middle school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology,...
  • Carlson, G.A. (1995). Commentary: National plan for research on child and adolescent mental health disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry,...
  • Cillessen, A.H.N., Bukowski, W.M., & Haselager, G.J.T. (2000). Stability of sociometric categories. En A.H.N. Cillessen & W.M. Bukowski...
  • Coie, J.D, Dodge, K., Terry, R., & Wright, V. (1991). The role of aggression in peer relations: An analysis of aggression episodes in...
  • Coie, J.D., Dodge, K.A., & Coppotelli, H. (1982). Dimensions and types of social status: A cross-age perspective. Developmental Psychology,...
  • Coie, J.D., Lochman, J.E., Terry, R., & Hyman, C. (1992). Predicting early adolescent disorder from childhood aggression and peer rejection....
  • Coie. J., Terry, R.A., Zariski, A., & Lochman, J. (1995). Early adolescent social influences on delinquent behaviour. En J. McCord (Ed.),...
  • Craig, W.M. (1998). The relationships among bull- ying, victimisation, depression, anxiety, and aggression in elementary school children....
  • Crick, N.R. (1996). The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behaviour in the prediction of children’s future social...
  • Crick, N.R., & Grotpeter, J.K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and psycho-social adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
  • Defensor del Pueblo (2000). Violencia escolar: El maltrato entre iguales en la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Madrid: Publicaciones del...
  • Díaz-Aguado, M.J., Martínez Arias, R., & Martín Seoane, G. (2004). Prevención de la violencia y lucha contra la exclusión desde la adolescencia....
  • Dixon, M.M. (2002). Surviving middle school, junior high, and high school as a hunted outsider. Retrieved September, 2002 from http://www.ravenday-s.org/raven.html
  • Gifford-Smith, M.E., & Brownell, C.A. (2003). Childhood peer relationships: social acceptance, friendships, and peer networks. Journal...
  • Griffin, R.S., & Gross, A.M. (2004). Childhood bull- ying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and...
  • Harrist, A.W., Zaia, A.F., Bates, J.E., Dodge, K.A., & Pettit, G.S. (1997). Subtypes of social withdrawal in early childhood: sociometric...
  • Haynie, D.L., Nansel, T.R., Eitel, P., Davis Crump, A., Sailor, k., Yu, K. (2001). Bullies, victims, and bully/victims: Distinct groups of...
  • Hodges, E.V.E., Malone, M-J., & Perry, D.G. (1997). Individual risk and social risk as interacting determinants of victimization in the...
  • Lagerspeltz, K-M-, Björqvist, K., & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect aggession more typical of females? Gender differences in aggressiveness...
  • Leary, M-R., Kowalski, R.M., Smith, L., & Phillips, S. (2003). Teasing, rejection, and violence: case studies of the school shootings....
  • Lease, A.M., Kennedy, C.A., & Axelrod, J.L. (2002). Children’s social construction of popularity. Social Development, 11, 87-109.
  • Luther, S., & McMahon, T. (1996). Peer repution among inner-city adolescents: Structure and correlates. Journal of Research on Adolescence,...
  • Maasen, G., Akkermans, W., & Van der Linden, J. (1996). Two-dimensional sociometric status determination with rating scales. Small Group...
  • Maassen, G.H., van Boxtel, H.W., & Goosness, F.A. (2005). Reliability of nominations and two-dimensional rating scale methods for sociometric...
  • Miller-Johnson, S., Coie, J., Maumary-Gremaud, A., Bierman, K., & CPPR Group (2002). Peer rejection and aggression and early starter models...
  • Nansel, T., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R., Ruan, J., SimonsMorton, B., & Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviours among US youth. Prevalence...
  • Newcomb, A.F., & Bukowski, W. (1983). Social impact and social preference as determinants of children’s peer group status. Developmental...
  • Ollendick, T.H., Weist, M.D., Borden, M. C., & Greene, R.W. (1992). Sociometric status and academic, behavioural, and psychological adjustment:...
  • Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at schools: What we know and what we can do. Williston, VT: Blackwell Pub.
  • Olweus, D. (1996). The Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. University of Bergen.
  • Olweus, D. (2001). Bullying at school: tacking the problem. The OECD Observer, 225, 24-26.
  • Paquette, J., & Underwood, M. (1997). Gender differences in young adolescents’ experiences of peer victimization: Social and physical...
  • Parker, J.G., & Asher, S.R. (1987). Peer relations and later personal adjustment. Are low-accepted children at risk? Psychological Bulletin,...
  • Pellegrini, A.D., Bartini, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). School bullies, vicxtims, and aggressive victims. Factors relating to group affiliation...
  • Perry, D.G., Kusel, S.J., & Perry, L.P. (1988). Victims of peer aggression. Developmental Psychology, 24, 807-814.
  • Perry, D.G., Perry, L.C., & Rasmussen, P. (1986). Cognitive social learning mediators of aggression. Child Development, 57, 700-711.
  • Perry, D.G., Williard, J., & Perry, L.C. (1990). Peer’s perceptions of the consequences that victimized children provide aggressors. Child...
  • Rigby, K., Cox, I., & Balck, G. (1997). Cooperativeness and bully/victim problems among Australian schoolchildren. Journal of Social Psychology,...
  • Rigby, K., & Slee, P.T. (1991). Bullying among Australian schoolchildren: reported behaviour and attitudes to victims. Journal of Social...
  • Salmivalli, C., & Nieminen, E. (2002). Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, vixctims, and bully-victims. Aggressive...
  • Sandstrom, M.J., & y Coie, J.D. (1999). A developmental perspective on peer rejection: mechanisms of stability and change. Child Development,...
  • Schuster, B. (2001). Rejection and victimization by peers. En J. Juvonen & S. Graham (Eds.), Peer harassment in school: The plight of...
  • Schwartz, D., Proctor, L.J., & Chien, D.H. (2001). The aggressive victim of bullying: Emotional and behavioural dysregulation as a pathway...
  • Schwartz, D. (2000). Subtypes of victims and aggressors in children’s peer groups. Jpurnal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 181-192.
  • Schwartz, D., Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S., & Bates, J.E. (1997). The early soca¡ialization of aggressive victims of bullying. Child development,...
  • Smith, PK & Shu, S. (2000). What good schools can do about bullying :findings from a survey of English schools alter a decade of research....
  • Terry, R. (2000). Recent advances in measurement theory and the use of sociometric techniques. En A.H.N. Cillessen & W.M. Bukowski (Eds.),...
  • Toblin, R.L., Schwartz, D., Hopmeyer Gorman, A., & Abo-ezzedine, T. (2005). Social-cognitive and behavioural attributes of aggressive...
  • Underwood, M., Galen, B., & Paquette, J. (2001). Top ten challenges for understanding gender and aggression. Why can’t we all just get...
  • Unnever, J.D. (2005). Bullies, aggressive victims, and victims: Are they distinct groups? Aggressive Behavior, 31, 153-171.
  • Unnever, J.D., & Cornell, D. (2003). The culture of bullying. Journal of School Violence, 2, 5-27.
  • Veenstra, R., Lindenberg, S., Oldehinkel, A.J., de Winter, A.F., Verhulst, F.C., & Ormel, J. (2005). Bullying and victimization in elementary...
  • Vossekuil, B., Fein, R.A., Reddy, M., Forum, R., Modzeleski, W. (2002). The final report and findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications...
  • Wiggins, J.S., & Winder, C.L.(1961). The Peer Nomination Inventory: An empirically derived sociometric measure of adjustment in preadolescent...