Imagen corporal percibida e imagen corporal deseada en estudiantes universitarios

• Autores: Maureen Meneses Montero, José Moncada Jiménez
• Localización: Revista iberoamericana de psicología del ejercicio y el deporte, ISSN 1886-8576, Vol. 3, Nº. 1, 2008, págs. 13-30
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo (pdf)
• Dialnet Métricas: 11 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    El propósito del estudio fue describir la imagen corporal actual y deseada de estudiantes universitarios costarricenses y determinar la validez de las escalas gráficas para medir la imagen corporal. Participaron 126 sujetos (44 hombres y 82 mujeres), a quienes se les calculó el índice de masa corporal y se le suministraron tres tipos de escalas de imagen corporal. Se encontró que los hombres y las mujeres valoran su imagen corporal de diferente manera. Las mujeres se encuentran más insatisfechas con su imagen corporal que los hombres, ya que perciben que tienen una imagen corporal negativa en las tres escalas utilizadas y buscan cambiarla en el futuro. Los hombres manifiestan sentirse conformes con su imagen corporal actual, y no manifestaron el deseo de cambiarla. Se recomienda utilizar la escala diseñada por Thompson y Gray (1995) como instrumento gráfico válido para medición de este importante constructo.

  • English

    The purpose of this study was to describe the actual and desired body image of Costa Rican college students and to determine the validity of the graphic scales to measure body image. Participants were 126 subjects (44 males, 82 females), who filled three body image scales and whose body mass index were measured. Results indicated that males and females value their body image in a different way. Females are more unsatisfied with their body image than males, since they perceive that they have a negative body image in the three scales used; however, they are willing to change their body image in a future. Males indicated body image satisfaction and unwillingness to change it. We recommend using the scale designed by Thompson and Gray (1995) as a valid instrument to measure this important construct.

  • português

    A finalidade deste estudo era descrever a imagem real e desejada do corpo dos estudantes de faculdade e estudar a validez das escalas gráficas para medir a imagem do corpo foi determinada também. Os participantes eram 126 assuntos (44 machos, 82 fêmeas), que encheram três escalas da imagem do corpo e cujo índice maciço do corpo foi medido. Os resultados indicaram que os machos e as fêmeas avaliam sua imagem do corpo em uma maneira diferente. As fêmeas são menos satisfaças com sua imagem do corpo do que machos, desde que percebem que têm uma imagem negativa do corpo nas três escalas usadas; entretanto, são disposta mudar sua imagem do corpo em um futuro. Os machos indicaram a satisfação da imagem do corpo mudá-lo. Nós recomendamos usar a escala projetada por Thompson e Gray (1995) como um instrumento válido medir esta construção importante.

• Referencias bibliográficas
  • Ahmed, C., Hilton, W. y Pituch, K. (2002). Relationship of strength training to body image among a sample of female university students. Journal...
  • Akan, G. E. y Grilo, C. M. (1995). Sociocultural influences on eating attitudes and behaviors, body image, and psychological functioning:...
  • Anderson, M. L., Foster, C., McGuigan, M . R., Seebach, E. y Porcari, J. P. (2004). Training vs. body image: Does training improve subjective...
  • Annesi, J. J. (2000). Effects of minimal exercise and cognitive behavior modification on adherence, emotion change, self-image, and physical...
  • Arbinaga, F. (2006). Aspectos diferenciales en la imagen corporal y la autodescripción de la forma física en mujeres sedentarias vs. mujeres...
  • Arbinaga, F. (2005). Ansiedad física social en varones que se inician al entrenamiento de musculación: Un estudio exploratorio. Revista Brasilera...
  • Arbinaga, F. y Caracuel, J. C. (2003). Aproximación a la Dismorfia Muscular. Cuadernos de Medicina Psicosomática, 65, 7-15.
  • Branch, H. (1998). Evidence for a disturbance of the body schema in neglect. Brain and Cognition, 37, 527-544.
  • Buckworth, J. y Dishman, R. K. (2002). Exercise psychology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Bulik, C. M., Wade, T. D., Heath, A. C., Martin, N. G., Stunkard, A. J. y Eaves, L. J. (2001). Relating body mass index to figural stimuli:...
  • Byrd-Bredbenner, C., Murray, J. y Schlussel, Y. R. (2005). Temporal changes in anthropometric measurements of idealized females and young...
  • Cash, T. F. y Pruzinsky, T. (Eds.). (1990). Body images: Development, deviance, and change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Cash, T. F. y Deagle, E. A. III. (1997). The nature and extent of body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: A meta-analysis....
  • Cash, T. F. y Green, G. K. (1986). Body weight and body image among college women: perception, cognition, and affect. Journal of Personality...
  • Cohane, G. H. y Pope, Jr., H. G. (2001). Body image in boys: A review of the literature. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29, 373-379.
  • Collins, E. M. (1991). Body figure perceptions and preferences among preadolescent children. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10...
  • Feingold, A. y Mazzella, R. (1998). Gender differences in body image are increasing. Psychological Science, 9(3), 190-195.
  • Gokee-La Rose, J., Dunn, M. E. y Tantleff-Dunn, S. (2004). An investigation of the cognitive organization of body comparison sites in relation...
  • Hargreaves, D. A. y Tiggemann, M. (2004). Idealized media images and adolescent body image: “comparing” boys and girls. Body Image, 1, 351-361.
  • Hausenblas, H. A. y Symons, D. (2001). Comparison of body image between athletes and nonathletes: A metaanalytic review. Journal of Applied...
  • Hesse-Biber, S., Clayton-Matthews, A. y Downey, J. A. (1987). The differential importance of weight and body image among college men and women....
  • Jackson, A. S. y Pollock, M. L. (1985). Practical assessment of body composition. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 13, 76-90.
  • Katzmarzyk, P. T. y Davis, C. (2001). Thinness and body shape of Playboy centerfolds from 1978 to 1998. International Journal of Obesity,...
  • Keeton, W. P., Cash, T. F. y Brown, T. A. (1990). Body image or body images?: Comparative multidimensional assessment among college students....
  • Kirkcaldy, B. D., Shephard, R. J. y Siefen, R. G. (2002). The relationship between physical activity and selfimage and problem behaviour among...
  • Mayville, S., Katz, R. C., Gipson, M. T. y Cabral, K. (1999). Assessing the prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in an ethnically diverse...
  • McLaren, L. y Kuh, D. (2004). Body dissatisfaction in midlife women. Journal of Women y Aging, 16 (1/2), 35-53.
  • Perry, A. C., Rosenblatt, E. S., Kempner, L., Feldman, B. B. Paolercio, M. A., y Van Bemden, A. L. (2002). The effects of an exercise physiology...
  • Pompili, M., Mancianelli, I., Girardi, P., Ruberto, A. y Tatarelli, R. (2004). Suicide in anorexia nervosa: A metaanalysis. International...
  • Pompili, M., Mancianelli, I., Girardi, P., Ruberto, A. y Tatarelli, R. (2004). Suicide in anorexia nervosa: A metaanalysis. International...
  • Pope, Jr., H. G., Gruber, A. J., Mangweth, B., Bureau, B., deCol, C., Jouvent, R. y Hudson, J. I. (2000). Body image perception among men...
  • Pruzinsky, T. y Cash, T.F. (1990). Integrative themes in body-image development, deviance, and change. En T. F, Cash y T. Pruzinsky (Eds.),...
  • Raich, R. M., Torras, J. y Figueras, M. (1996). Estudio de la imagen corporal y su relación con el deporte en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios....
  • Reich, W. (2000). Diagnostic interview for children and adolescents (DICA). Journal of American Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39 (1), 59-66.
  • Sarwer, D. B., Cash, T. F., Magee, L., Williams, E. F., Thompson, J. K., Roehrig, M., Tantleff-Dunn, S., Agliata, A. K., Wilfley, D. E., Amidon,...
  • Scully, D., Kremer, J., Meade, M. M., Graham, R. y Dudgeon, K. (1998). Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review....
  • Shin, H. S. y Paik, S. N. (2003). Body image, self-esteem and depression in college female students: normal and overweight. Journal of Korean...
  • Skrinar, G. S., Bullen, B. A., Cheek, J. M., Mc Arthur, J. W. y Vaughan, L. K. (1986). Perceptual & Motor Skills, 62, 483-490.
  • Skrzypek, S., Wehmeier, P. M. y Remschmidt, H. (2001). Body image assessment using body size estimation in recent studies on anorexia nervosa....
  • Slade, P. D. (1994). What is body image? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32 (5), 497-502.
  • Smith, B. L., Handley, P. y Eldredge, D. A. (1998). Sex differences in exercise motivation and body-image satisfaction among college students....
  • Stunkard, A., Sørensen, T., y Schulsinger, F. (1983). Use of the Danish Adoption Register for the study of obesity and thinness. En S. Kety,...
  • Taveras, E. M., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Field, A. E., Frazier, A. L., Golditz, G. A. y Gillman, M. W. (2004). The influence to look like media...
  • Thompson, J. K. (1990). Body image disturbance: Assessment and treatment. Elsmford Park, NY: Pergamon.
  • Thompson, J. K. y Cafri, G. (2007). The muscular ideal: Psychological, social, and medical perspectives. Washington, DC: American Psychological...
  • Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M. N. y Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment and treatment of body image...
  • Thompson, M. A. y Gray, J. J. (1995). Development and validation of a new body-image assessment scale. Journal of Personality Assessment,...
  • Tucker, L. A. y Maxwell, K. (1992). Effects of weight training on the emotional well-being and body image of females: Predictors of greatest...
  • Turner, S. L., Hamilton, H., Jacobs, M., Angood, L. M. y Dwyer, D. H. (1997). The influence of fashion magazines on the body image satisfaction...
  • Vincent, W. J. (1999). Statistics in kinesiology (2nd Ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Vogeley, K., Kurthen, M., Falkai, P. y Maier, W. (1999). Essential functions of the human self model are implemented in the prefrontal cortex....
  • Williams, P. A. y Cash, T. F. (2001). Effects of a circuit weight training program on the body images of college students. International Journal...