Resiliencia: definición, características y utilidad del concepto

• Elisardo Becoña Iglesias ^[1]
  1. [1] Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

     Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

     Santiago de Compostela, España

     
• Localización: Revista de psicopatología y psicología clínica, ISSN 1136-5420, Vol. 11, Nº. 3, 2006, págs. 125-146
• Idioma: español
• DOI: 10.5944/rppc.vol.11.num.3.2006.4024
• Títulos paralelos:
  • Resilience: definition, characteristics and utility ofthe conce
• Enlaces
  • Texto completo
• Dialnet Métricas: 162 Citas
• Resumen
  • español

    La resiliencia, o capacidad de superar los eventos adversos, y ser capaz de tener un desarrollo exitoso a pesar de circunstancias muy adversas (muerte de los padres, guerras, graves traumas, etc.), ha cobrado un gran interés en los últimos años y poco a poco se va convirtiendo en un término muy popular. En este artículo se revisa la información que existe sobre la resiliencia clarificando aspectos centrales como son su definición, características, delimitarlo de otros conceptos relacionados (competencia, vulnerabilidad, locus de control y estilo atribucional, dureza, recuperación, factores de riesgo y protección, psicología positiva) y los tipos de investigación que se han hecho bajo este término (centrada en la variable o en la persona, como rasgo de personalidad o patrón conductual, como proceso o como resultado). Se concluye que la resiliencia es un término útil pero que precisa tanto una mayor clarificación conceptual como la realización de estudios para comprobar la utilidad del constructo a nivel explicativo, para la prevención y para el tratamiento de los distintos trastornos psicopatológicos.

  • English

    Resilience, or the capacity to overeóme adverse events, and to be able to develop oneself successfully despite very adverse circumstances (parents' death, wars, serious traumas, etc.), has become a concept of great interest during the last years and is becoming a popular term. In this paper we review the existing information about resilience, and clarify some of its central aspects such as its definition, characteristics, diíTerentiation from other related concepts (competence, vulnerability, locus of control and attributional style, hardiness, recovery, risk and protective factors, positive psychology), and the types of studies that have been carried out on this topic (centred in the variable or in the person, as a trait or a behavioural pattem, as the process or the result). We conclude that resilience is a useful term that needs, however, more conceptual clarification as well as further studies to verify the utility ofthe explanatory power ofthe construct as regards the prevention and treatment of diflferent psychopathological disorders.

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