Modulación hormonal del aprendizaje y la memoria

• Autores: Ignasi Morgado Bernal, Margalida Coll
• Localización: Psicothema, ISSN-e 1886-144X, ISSN 0214-9915, Vol. 4, Nº. 1, 1992, págs. 221-235
• Idioma: español
• Enlaces
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• Dialnet Métricas: 3 Citas
• Resumen

  • Cada vez resulta más evidente que el aprendizaje y la memoria, procesos de crucial importancia adaptativa para los organismos, son susceptibles a la influencia moduladora de una gran cantidad de sustancias y tratamientos. El papel que juegan muchas hormonas en este sentido despierta un interés creciente. El presente artículo discute, en especial, la participación en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria de hormonas relacionadas con la respuesta de los sujetos al estrés. En general, aquellas hormonas que reaccionan potenciando la respuesta "estresora" del individuo suelen mejorar la memoria, mientras que aquellas sustancias que atenúan el impacto emocional del estrés suelen ejercer un efecto deteriorante. No obstante, esta relación depende de factores como: a) la dosis hormonal [la relación dosis/respuesta (efectos sobre la memoria) suele ceñirse a una curva en U invertida]; b) el tiempo transcurrido entre la administración (o liberación endógena) de la hormona y el entrenamiento, y c) la intensidad de la experiencia vivida o de los estímulos presentados durante el entrenamiento. No se conocen bien los mecanismos fisiológicos mediante los cuales las diversas hormonas pueden afectar al aprendizaje y la memoria, aunque en algunos casos el proceso facilitatorio parece tener un origen periférico.

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